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How does adding and removing elements "rescale" the data? How is the size of the vector calculated (I believe it is kept track of)? Any other additional resources to learn about vectors would be appreciated.

When you insert more elements than are allocated the vector has to get more memory. It goes out and gets some. If the memory location changes then it has to copy all the elements into the new space and free the old space.

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When adding an element to a std::vector which is already full then the vector is resized which involves a procedure of allocating a new, larger memory area, moving the existing data to the new vector, deleting the old vector space, and then adding the new element.

std::vector is a collection class in the Standard Template Library. Putting objects into a vector, taking them out, or the vector performing a resize when an item is added to a full vector all require that the class of the object support an assignment operator, a copy constructor, and move semantics. (See type requirements for std::vector as well as std::vector works with classes that are not default constructible? for details.)

One way to think of std::vector is as a C style array of contiguous elements of the type specified when the vector is defined that has some additional functionality to integrate it into the Standard Template Library offerings. What separates a vector from a standard array is that a vector will dynamically grow as items are added. (See std::vector and c-style arrays as well as When would you use an array rather than a vector/string? for some discussion about differences.)

Using std::vector allows the use of other Standard Template Library components such as algorithms so using std::vector comes with quite a few advantages over a C style array as you get to use functionality that already exists.

The basics of std::vector physical representation is of a set of pointers using memory allocated from the heap. These pointers allow for the actual operations for accessing the elements stored in the vector, deleting elements from the vector, iterating over the vector, determining the number of elements, determining its size, etc.

With modern C++ move semantics, the overhead of std::vector has been reduced such that it is typically the default container that would be used for most applications as recommended by Bjarne Stroustrup in his book The C++ Programming Language 4th Edition which discusses C++11.

Note that the virtual destructor is generally considered best practice, and not strictly necessary here without inheritance involved. Making the destructor non-virtual would potentially result in faster static binding. However, given that vectors can contain unknown objects it's highly likely vector has a virtual destructor to deallocate elements for a derived class.

The capacity parameter in the constructor also allows for more fine-grained control than versions prior to C++ 11, and in fact did not exist prior to C++ 11. However, I have included it as vector included it with Allocators in C++ 14. I won't dive into the details (Allocator simply is another template class to allocate the individual vector elements). The stdlib provides these high-level abstractions to standardise common operations with performance.

There are numerous helper functions for vector such as swap, begin and end in the stdlib as well, however these just operate on the array store in a safe manner. The actual core vector implementation is based on the above (similar to C++ standards prior to 11), and additional logic is inferable.

I wrote a vector in C++ a year or so ago. It is an array with a set size (ex. 16 chars) which is expanded by that amount when needed. That is to say, if the default size is 16 chars and you need to store Hi my name is Bobby, then it will double the size of the array to 32 chars then store the char array there.

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With joint collaborative work from RBM VCWG, AMP, PATH, RBM SMERG, IVCC, Tropical Health, this document is meant to be a guide for national malaria programs to inform requests for staff and/or technical assistance for evaluations of the impact of vector control interventions on malaria burden or transmission as part of Global Fund applications. The description of the positions/roles in the table below can be used to develop terms of reference.

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The RBM Vector Control Working Group (VCWG) and Multi-Sectoral Working Group (MSWG) are pleased to issue a joint consensus statement on the Global Vector Control Response to invasive Anopheles stephensi. In the past decade, the malaria vector An. stephensi has spread to Africa and Sri Lanka and there are concerns about its impact on malaria transmission. Urgent efforts are needed to prevent further spread and reduce the impact of An. stephensi where it now exists. With this Consensus Statement, the RBM VCWG and MSWG seek to complement the work of WHO, UN-Habitat and others by facilitating the exchange of knowledge and best practices to address this invasive species to build a common understanding and identify gaps in our collective response. The RBM Working Groups and their diverse membership of malaria control programmes, representatives of other ministries, the private sector, implementing partners, and research and academic organisations stand ready to contribute to this fight.

The 2021 WHO World Malaria Report illustrated a decline in the gains against malaria; there were 241 million cases and ca. 627 000 deaths in 2020 (an increase from preceding years). Several factors contributed to this, including, but not limited to; insecticide resistance in vector mosquitoes, limitations around financial support, gaps in the vector control toolbox and challenges for National Programs to meet the needs of entomological monitoring with scarce resources available. There is an urgent need for innovation and new tools to expand the current intervention paradigms and increase opportunities for more cost-effective and sustainable vector control.

The VCWG therefore promotes basic research and development into new tools, and the translation of vector control priorities into operational research, combining the input of its constituent national and international academia/research and private sector development partners. Through increased collaboration with Regional Networks the VCWG ensures that their specific needs are fully considered in deliberations on global malaria strategies.

Within a resource constrained environment, knowledge sharing is key. The diversity of the VCWG membership allows for rich dialogue and mutual learning for the development of more robust and adaptive responses to challenges associated with enhancing the impact of core interventions (ITNs and IRS), expanding the vector control toolbox and implementing the WHO Global Vector Control Response. The VCWG provides a forum where all the partners from country programs, international organisations, academia, the private sector and others, can come together to build consensus on the challenges, gaps and opportunities in vector control.

Convene: VCWG convenes meetings, workshops, and other forums to develop consensus among stakeholders through adaptation and implementation of WHO norms and standards and to share innovations and experiences.

Facilitate Communication: VCWG has a very diverse membership, and our annual meetings and Workstream Task Teams provide unique opportunities for connection and networking around specific areas of interest. VCWG also works with other RBM Working Groups and Partner Committees, as appropriate, to provide detailed input on vector control related topics.

Genetic material or gene-editing tools that are inserted directly into a cell usually do not function. Instead, a carrier called a vector is genetically engineered to carry and deliver the material. Certain viruses are used as vectors because they can deliver the material by infecting the cell. The viruses are modified so they can't cause disease when used in people. Some types of virus, such as retroviruses, integrate their genetic material (including the new gene) into a chromosome in the human cell. Other viruses, such as adenoviruses, introduce their DNA into the nucleus of the cell, but the DNA is not integrated into a chromosome. Viruses can also deliver the gene-editing tools to the nucleus of the cell. ff782bc1db