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The United States and Japan reaffirmed their shared goal of bolstering a free and open Indo-Pacific and welcomed concrete progress in their joint effort to develop energy, infrastructure, and digital connectivity in the region. The two countries resolved to deepen and expand their partnership, whose major components include:

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The unfettered flow of energy supplies is vital to the stability and security that are necessary for economic growth in the region. The U.S. government launched the Asia Enhancing Development and Growth through Energy, or Asia EDGE, initiative on July 30, 2018, as a mechanism for promoting and supporting open, transparent, and rules-based development policies that would ensure such energy security. Asia EDGE is a U.S. whole-of-government effort to grow sustainable and secure energy markets throughout Asia by promoting U.S. exports, mobilizing private sector investment, removing trade barriers, and strengthening standards and procurement practices.

Through JUSEP the United States and Japan have committed to developing energy infrastructure projects in third-countries. It is a multiagency, bilateral engagement that seeks to promote capacity building, project development, and project financing in several regions, including Southeast and South Asia. Commercial cooperation under JUSEP will strengthen joint strategic efforts in the region and enhance U.S. and Japanese private sector competitiveness by making U.S. and Japanese government resources available to them.

Defense officials have identified India as a critical strategic partner for the coming decades and one that has demonstrated growing willingness to advance a shared vision of free, open and rules-based global order.

With the FOIP concept still under development, in January 2020 the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada hosted a conference in Vancouver at which speakers from Australia, Canada, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, and the United States outlined their respective views on the Indo-Pacific idea. This roundtable is a joint project of the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada and the College of Asia and the Pacific at the Australian National University. Both institutions featured participants at the conference and belong to the Asia Policy consortium. This roundtable features a selection of essays on the FOIP idea, some presented at the conference and some drafted in retrospect.

Participants also considered whether the FOIP concept could help coalesce a regional security order. Diversity is again a challenge, with the security interests and situations of regional states varying according to, among other things, their size and geographic location. Many security concerns also arise from tensions between regional states, such as issues around sovereignty in the South China Sea and, broadly, the preservation of open sea lines of communication. Participants concluded that cooperation on comparatively less controversial and more universally relevant nontraditional security issues, such as piracy, terrorism, environmental security, and illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, could be a valuable first step toward consolidating security cooperation among states under the FOIP concept.

They were also accused of widespread corruption. Several of them have been placed under investigation. Basil was arrested in 2016 for alleged misappropriation of state funds.REF Gotabaya has been accused of war crimes and is currently facing charges he misappropriated state funds to build a mausoleum for his late parents.REF

Use new tools to extend assistance to Sri Lanka. Countries like Sri Lanka have legitimate development needs yet, save perhaps for Japan, the U.S. and its partners have not developed adequate tools and mechanisms to meet those needs or properly compete in a new strategic battleground. After the passage of the Build Act by the U.S. Congress, OPIC was brought under the moniker of a new International Development Finance Corporation (IDFC), and its spending cap on investments was roughly doubled to $60 billion. Unlike OPIC, the IDFC has also been granted the authority to make direct equity investments in specific circumstances.

If the Build Act is to serve that purpose, Sri Lanka would present a model case. OPIC already has four projects active in Sri Lanka and has signed a memorandum of understanding with the Japan Bank for International Cooperation to promote joint infrastructure projects in the Indian Ocean region. Where it is not viable or valuable for the IDFC and other relevant government agencies to provide development support, the U.S. government should facilitate investments by the private sector as well as work in tandem with like-minded development partners, such as India and Japan. Finally, the U.S. should provide assistance to the Sri Lankan government in evaluating project proposals, implementing high-standards agreements, and implementing best practices.

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Hanoi and Washington also should do no harm to people-to-people contacts, which have been critical to U.S.-Vietnam rapprochement both in the years before renormalization of diplomatic ties in 1995, and the time since. Now, a White House plan to deport thousands of Vietnamese who arrived in the United States before 1995, and were protected under a 2008 U.S.-Vietnam immigration accord, could poison people-to-people relations. The Trump administration should halt plans to deport Vietnamese nationals who came to the United States prior to 1995. It also should stop plans for tightening student visa regulations, including for Vietnamese nationals; educational contacts are critical to U.S.-Vietnam people-to-people ties.

Canada is a steadfast partner and is well positioned to provide assistance that is transparent and responds to partner needs through the Feminist International Assistance Policy. Our approach leads to strong partnerships with Indo-Pacific countries and also builds our understanding and expertise. Canada is expanding our feminist international assistance and will continue to defend human rights through partnerships with Canadian civil society and partners in the region.

The idea of promoting infrastructure investment, training programs, and international best practices for public procurement in the Indo-Pacific region is rooted in principles of transparency, market-based financing, open infrastructure, and debt sustainability.

It is understood that FOIP prepares countries to deal with a fast-changing global and regional order as well as the growing Chinese footprint in the region including its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

Progress towards a concert of democracies in the region would have wide-reaching effects. The nature and scope of multilateral relations in the Indo-Pacific would be expanded and the vision of a sustainable, free, open, rules-based, prosperous, and connected Indo-Pacific could be realised to the benefit of all involved.

The Japanese and Vietnamese foreign ministers affirmed Tuesday that their countries are important partners in realizing a free and open Indo-Pacific, a vision advocated by Tokyo to counter China's growing clout in the region.

U.S. Navy Adm. John C. Aquilino, commander of U.S. Indo-Pacific Command, speaks with reporters during a visit to the B-2 Spirit Bomber Task Force at Royal Australian Air Force Force Base Amberley, Australia, July 30. The bomber aircraft deployed as part of a rotational BTF, supporting the Enhanced Air Cooperation Initiative under the Force Posture Agreement between the United States and Australia. The BTF will conduct joint training and missions alongside Allies and partners in support of a free and open Indo-Pacific. (U.S. Air Force photo by Tech. Sgt. Dylan Nuckolls)

U.S. Navy Adm. John C. Aquilino, commander of U.S. Indo-Pacific Command, visits with Royal Australian Air Force Air Commodore David Paddison, commander of Combat Support Group, during a visit to the B-2 Spirit Bomber Task Force at Royal Australian Air Force Base Amberley, Australia, July 30. The bomber aircraft deployed as part of a rotational BTF, supporting the Enhanced Air Cooperation Initiative under the Force Posture Agreement between the United States and Australia. The BTF will conduct joint training and missions alongside Allies and partners in support of a free and open Indo-Pacific. (U.S. Air Force photo by Tech. Sgt. Dylan Nuckolls) ff782bc1db