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Volcanoes are mountains but they are very different from other mountains; they are not formed by folding and crumpling or by uplift and erosion.Instead, volcanoes are built by the accumulation of their own eruptive products -- lava,bombs (crusted over ash flows, and tephra (airborne ash and dust). A volcanois most commonly a conical hill or mountain built around a vent that connectswith reservoirs of molten rock below the surface of the Earth. The termvolcano also refers to the opening or vent through which the moltenrock and associated gases are expelled.

All magmas contain dissolved gases, and as they rise to the surface toerupt, the confining pressures are reduced and the dissolved gases are liberatedeither quietly or explosively. If the lava is a thin fluid (not viscous),the gases may escape easily. But if the lava is thick and pasty (highlyviscous), the gases will not move freely but will build up tremendous pressure,and ultimately escape with explosive violence. Gases in lava may be comparedwith the gas in a bottle of a carbonated soft drink. If you put your thumbover the top of the bottle and shake it vigorously, the gas separates fromthe drink and forms bubbles. When you remove your thumb abruptly, thereis a miniature explosion of gas and liquid. The gases in lava behave insomewhat the same way. Their sudden expansion causes the terrible explosionsthat throw out great masses of solid rock as well as lava, dust, and ashes.

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During British colonial rule, Jos became an important centre for tin mining when the colonialists discovered huge deposits of cassiterite the main ore for the metal. It is also the trading hub of the state as commercial activities are steadily increasing.

According to the historian Sen Luka Gwom Zangabadt,[3] the area known as Jos today was inhabited by indigenous ethnic groups who were mostly farmers. During the British colonial period, direct rule was introduced for the indigenous ethnic groups on the Jos Plateau since they were not under the Fulani emirates where indirect rule was used.[4] According to the historian Samuel N Nwabara,[5] the Fulani empire controlled most of northern Nigeria, except the Plateau province and the Berom, Ngas, Tiv, Jukun and Idoma ethnic groups. It was the discovery of tin by the British that led to the influx of other ethnic groups such as the Hausa from the north, southeastern Igbo, and Yoruba from the country's southwest. As such, Jos is often recognised as a cosmopolitan Nigerian city.

According to the white paper of the commission of inquiry into the 1894 crisis, Ames, a British colonial administrator, said that the original name for Jos was Gwosh in the Izere language (spoken by the Afusari, the first settlers in the area), which was a village situated at the current site of the city; according to Ames, the Hausa, who arrived there after, wrongly pronounced Gwosh as "Jos" and it stuck.[6] Another version was that "Jos" came from the word "Jasad" meaning body in Arabic. To distinguish it from the hill tops, it was called "Jas", which was mispronounced by the British as "Jos". It grew rapidly after the British discovered vast tin deposits in the vicinity. Both tin and columbite were extensively mined in the area up until the 1960s. They were transported by railway to both Port Harcourt and Lagos on the coast, then exported from those ports. Jos is still often referred to as "Tin City". It was made capital of Benue-Plateau State in 1967, and became the capital of the new Plateau State in 1975.Jos has become an important national administrative, commercial, and tourist centre. Tin mining has led to the influx of migrants (mostly Igbos, Yorubas and Europeans) who constitute more than half of the population of Jos. This "melting pot" of race, ethnicity and religion makes Jos one of the most cosmopolitan cities in Nigeria. For this reason, Plateau State is known in Nigeria as the "home of peace and tourism".

Jos North is the commercial nerve centre of the state as it houses the state's branch of Nigeria's Central Bank and the headquarters' of the commercial banks are mostly located here as well as the currency exchanges along Ahmadu Bello way. Moreso all basic and essential services can be found in Jos North from the Jos Main market (terminus) to Kabong or Rukuba Road satellite market. Due to the recent communal clashes however a lot of commercial activities are shifting to Jos South. The Gbong Gwom Jos palace and office is located in an area in Jos North called "Jishe" in Berom language. In 1956, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II together with her consort Prince Philip had a weekend stopover to rest at Jishe known at that time as Tudun Wada cottage during her Nigeria tour.[7] Jos North has a significant slum.[8] Jos North is the location of the University of Jos and its teaching hospital at Laminga & the National Commission for Museums and Monuments. The Nigerian Film Institute is also located in Jos-North at British America junction along Murtala Mohammed way. Both the Evangelical Church of West Africa (ECWA) and the Church of Christ in Nations (COCIN) are headquartered in this part of the metropolis.

Jos South is the seat of the Governor i.e. the old Government House in Rayfield and the New Government House in Little Rayfield and the industrial centre of Plateau State due to the presence of industries like the NASCO group of companies, Standard Biscuits, Grand Cereals and Oil Mills, Zuma steel west Africa, aluminium roofing industries, Jos International Breweries among others. Jos South also houses prestigious institutions like the National Institute of Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS), the highest academic awarding institution in Nigeria, the Police Staff College, the NTA television college and the Nigerian Film Corporation. Jos South also houses the prestigious National Centre For Remote Sensing. The city has formed an agglomeration with the town of Bukuru to form the Jos-Bukuru metropolis (JBM). Jos also is the seat of the famous National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), situated in Vom.[9] and the Industrial Training Fund (ITF).

the 330 Nigerian Air Force station is located in Jos South Local Government area along old airport road. The station boasts blocks of barracks for air personnel, an air strip, a primary school, military secondary school and a hospital which is arguably one of the best in the state.

Covering roughly 3 square miles (7.8 km2) of savannah bush and established in 1972 under the administration of then Governor of Benue-Plateau Joseph Gomwalk in alliance with a mandate by the then Organisation of African Unity to African heads of state to earmark one third of their landmass to establish conservation areas in each of their countries, It has since then become a major attraction in the state, attracting tourists from within and outside the country. The park has become a home to various species of wildlife including Lions, Rock pythons, marabou storks, Baboons, Honey Badgers, Camels as well as variant flora.

The National Museum in Jos was founded in 1952 by Bernard Fagg,[14] and was recognized as one of the best in the country. It has unfortunately been left to fall to ruin as is the case with most of the cultural establishments in Nigeria. The Pottery Hall is also a part of the museum that has an exceptional collection of finely crafted pottery from all over Nigeria and boasts some fine specimens of Nok terracotta heads and artifacts dating from 500 BCE to 200 CE. It also incorporates the Museum of Traditional Nigerian Architecture with life-size replicas of a variety of buildings, from the walls of Kano and the Mosque at Zaria to a Tiv village. Articles of interest from colonial times relating to the railway and tin mining can also be found on display. A School for Museum Technicians is attached to the museum, established with the help of UNESCO. The Jos Museum is also located beside the zoo.

The city is home to the University of Jos (founded in 1975), St Luke's Cathedral, an airport and a railway station. Jos is served by several teaching hospitals including Bingham University Teaching Hospital and Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), a federal government-funded referral hospital.[16] The Nigerian College of Accountancy, with over 3,000 students in 2011, is based in Kwall, Plateau State.[17]

Growing up, Peters was a footballer.[8] He attended Beehive primary school and then Government College Ikorodu. After finishing secondary school, he worked at Alpha Visions for three years. He studied Cinematography at City Varsity, a film school in Cape Town, South Africa.[7] Upon returning to Nigeria, Peters teamed up with a group of filmmakers to establish the Alliance Film Company, which is now known as the Allied Film Company. Peters worked with the company for a year and eventually started his own production company.[7]

In January 2014, a copyright infringement was levelled against Peters after the release of Tiwa Savage's "Eminado" video. He allegedly stole the vintage nature of the "Asinamali" video, which was released by Tumi and the Volume to honour the artistic works of Seydou Keta. Tumi slandered Peters on Twitter and urged his fans to shine a light on the issue.[13] Savage's former manager and ex-husband, Tunji "Tee Billz" Balogun, shed light on the controversy. He said they never knew that the video's concept was adopted from another video, and were surprised as everyone else.[14]

Q. At age 21, you became a star in Benin, with the album Pretty. But you had to quietly flee your home for Paris at 23, because of the regime that took over in Benin. It was Paris in the 1980s and you were at the prestigious jazz school, CIM. How did you connect with African music? What were you influences at the time?

His breakthrough came in 2010 when he released the award-winning song Kamwambie. According to BET, the now 32-year-old has earned over five dozen awards and nominations including one for Best International Artist. Furthermore, he is reportedly the most awarded artist in East Africa and the fifth most-awarded artist in sub-Saharan Africa after WizKid, Sarkodie, Davido, and 2face Idibia. But the big breakthrough that made him a household name? In 2020, the BBC reported that he was the first sub-Saharan African singer to get one billion views on his YouTube channel. 17dc91bb1f