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A speed limiter is a governor used to limit the top speed of a vehicle. For some classes of vehicles and in some jurisdictions they are a statutory requirement, for some other vehicles the manufacturer provides a non-statutory system which may be fixed or programmable by the driver.

The legal definition of a moped in the United Kingdom was revised in 1977 to include a maximum design speed of 30 mph (48 km/h). This was further revised to 50 km/h (31 mph) in the 1990s, then 45 km/h (28 mph) in the late 2000s to fall in line with unified European Union licensing regulations.[n 1][better source needed]

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To comply with this, mopeds typically include some method of onboard speed restriction to prevent the machine exceeding the prescribed speed (on a flat road, in still air, with a rider of standard height and weight). Older models such as the Honda C50 used a simple centrifugal governor as part of the transmission, which progressively and severely advanced the ignition as speed rose past a set point, causing engine power to fall off rapidly at higher rpm and road speed, but maintaining the low- and moderate-speed hill climbing ability of the unrestricted version. Other systems achieved a similar result with simple restrictor flaps in the air intake, much like those used to restrict the power output of full-size motorcycles. Modern mopeds use electronic systems with speed sensors that can cut the ignition spark (and, where fitted, interrupt fuel injection) once measured speed reaches or exceeds the set point, maintaining full power right up to the limited speed.

Early restriction methods could be defeated by simple physical modifications (e.g. cutting out the restriction plate). Modern electronic limiters at the very least require replacing the friction rollers in a scooter's CVT, or even changing wheel size and/or reprogramming the engine management system, all in an effort to fool the sensors into detecting a lower than actual road speed.[citation needed]

Public service vehicles often have a legislated top speed. Scheduled coach services in the United Kingdom (and also bus services) are limited to either 65 mph (105 km/h) or 100 km/h (62 mph) depending on their age (newer coaches have the lower speed version installed, in line with harmonised EU regulations), though for city buses the use of limiters is to satisfy regulatory requirements, as many city buses cannot achieve these speeds even on an open roadway.[1]

The newest form of speed limiters currently being deployed feature the ability to dynamically limit a vehicles top speed based upon a vehicles real time location and the road speed limit. The most popular of these systems is one called VMS with SpeedIQ from Sturdy Corporation. Dynamic speed limiters are being widely adopted by emergency service fleets due to their ability to limit a vehicles top speed during normal operations and then releasing to a higher maximum top speed when en route to an emergency. Additionally, fleets that operate in mixed geographic areas benefit greatly from a limiter that will allow a vehicle to travel at highway speeds as well as limit that vehicle to more commonly traveled residential neighborhoods at significantly lower speeds.

European Citron,[3]BMW,[4]Mercedes-Benz,[5]Peugeot,[6]Renault,[7] Tesla[8] as well as some Ford[9] and Nissan car and van models have driver-controlled speed limiters fitted or available as an optional accessory which can be set by the driver to any desired speed; the limiter can be overridden if required by pressing hard on the accelerator.The limiter may be considered as setting the maximum speed (with throttle kickdown to override it) easing the throttle to reduce speed, whereas cruise control sets the minimum speed (with the brake pedal to override it) pressing on the throttle to increase speed. The limiter may shift down through automatic gears to hold the maximum speed.

BMW, Mercedes and others have entered into a gentlemen's agreement to a limit of 250 km/h (155 mph),[12][13] but may 'unhook' their speed limited cars in Europe,[14] and Mercedes will provide some vehicles in the U.S. without limiters for an additional price.[15] There are also third-party companies who will re-flash vehicle computers with new software which will remove the speed limits and improve overall performance.

Many small and medium-sized commercial vehicles are now routinely fitted with speed limiters as a manufacturer option, with a mind towards reducing fuel bills, maintenance costs and insurance premiums, as well as discouraging employees from abusing company vehicles, in addition to curbing speeding fines and bad publicity.[opinion] These limiters are often set considerably lower than for passenger cars, typically at 56, 62, 68 or 70 mph (90, 100, 109 or 113 km/h) in the UK, with options for 75 and 81 km/h (47 and 50 mph) listed in countries where these speeds are legal.[citation needed] Often the fitting of a limiter is combined with a small warning sticker on the rear of the vehicle, stating its maximum speed, to discourage drivers who may themselves be delayed by having to follow it from tailgating or other aggressive driving intended to intimidate the lead driver into accelerating.[citation needed]

Similarly, most electric cars and vans which are not inherently limited by a low power output or "short" gearing tend to implement a maximum speed cap via their power controllers, to prevent the rapid loss of battery charge and corresponding reduction in range caused by the much greater power demands of high speeds; for example, the Smart ED, Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi MiEV, and the Citron Berlingo EV. The limits are typically in line with those of other deliberately limited vehicles, for a balance that does not overly compromise either range or travel time; e.g. 90 km/h for the Berlingo, 100~120 km/h for the Smart (depending on version).[citation needed] The Leaf is an unusual case, being instead limited to a much higher 145 km/h (90 mph).[citation needed] Also some supercars have speed limiters to prevent instability.

Some small economy cars have limiters, because of stability and other safety concerns (short crumple zones, etc.),[opinion] and to safeguard their small engines from the prolonged overrevving required to produce the power to achieve higher speeds. The first generation Smart was limited to 135 km/h (84 mph) (later generations were unlimited), and the Mitsubishi i to 130 km/h (81 mph).[citation needed]

Vehicle speed-limiting modules with pre-programmed maximum driving speeds are now available from Rostra Accessories. These modules are vehicle-specific and once connected to the throttle control system, they will not allow a driver to accelerate past a specific speed. As well, these modules are tamper-proof and their maximum set speed cannot be altered by the driver in any way once programmed. Such a device can be uniquely useful in the following situations:

Rostra is a leading manufacturer of automotive comfort, safety, and convenience accessories including electronic cruise control systems, vehicle speed limiters, backup camera relocation kits, LED lighting, exterior vehicle camera systems, automotive lumbar supports and seat heaters, driver alert systems, and more.

FMCSA understands operating at a safe speed is essential for safe operations and acknowledges the commercial motor vehicle (CMV) industry currently leverages this technology to increase driver and public safety. Most original equipment manufacturers (OEM) have been installing electronic engine control units (ECUs) in CMVs since 2003. The vast majority of CMVs in operation today are equipped with ECUs.

The forthcoming rulemaking, if adopted, would impose speed limitations on certain CMVs that operate in interstate commerce. The NOI is not proposing a maximum speed nor does it propose regulatory text or estimates of the costs or safety benefits. FMCSA is requesting public comments on the programming or adjustment of ECUs that could be made to impose speed limits on CMVs to support the preparation of a supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking.

Speed limiters can be set to different maximum speeds, depending on the type of vehicle and the regulations in the jurisdiction where it operates. They are usually preset by the manufacturer, but can be adjusted by a qualified technician if needed.

The faster big trucks are going, the bigger the stopping differential becomes between them and much smaller cars. This is pure physics. The speed limiter rule will reduce the maximum speed at which large truck can travel on our roads, in turn reducing the maximum potential amount of distance required in an emergency braking situation as well as the maximum potential force in the event of a collision. In short, this rule will prevent hundreds of fatalities and injuries resulting from speed-related truck crashes. This rule is common sense and something the motoring public needs, wants, and deserves.

The United States is shamefully the only leading country without such a rule. The European Union countries, Japan, Australia and the most populous Canadian provinces (Ontario and Quebec) all require speed governors to be set on heavy commercial vehicles at speeds varying from 55 mph in Japan to 65 mph in Canada.

A Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) study concluded that trucks not using speed governors were involved in high-speed collisions at twice the rate of trucks that were using them.

Studies released by the Ontario Ministry of Transportation found that speed-related, at-fault truck crashes fell by 73 percent and fatalities in all crashes involving big rigs dropped 24% after mandatory speed limiter technology took effect in Ontario.

Update: Late in the afternoon on Monday, Sept. 25, the FMCSA amended its report to no longer include a top speed in the rule summary for speed limiters. The updated story can be found here. 006ab0faaa