Software developers use sandboxes to test new programming code. Cybersecurity professionals use sandboxes to test potentially malicious software. Without sandboxing, software or applications could have potentially unlimited access to all the user data and system resources on a network.

Sandboxes are also used to safely execute malicious code to avoid harming the host device, the network or other connected devices. Using a sandbox to detect malware offers an additional layer of protection against security threats, such as stealthy attacks and exploits that use zero-day vulnerabilities.


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Sandboxing is an important feature of the Java programming language and development environment, where the sandbox is a program area and set of rules that programmers need to use when creating Java code -- called an applet -- that is sent as part of a webpage.

A sandbox can also enable a mirrored production environment that an external developer can use to develop an app that uses a web service from the sandbox. This enables third-party developers to validate their code before migrating it to the production environment.

An API sandbox is targeted at API developers and testers. It mimics the characteristics of the production environment to create simulated responses for APIs that reflect the behavior of a real system.

Java applets are sent automatically to the user's browser as part of the webpage transmission and can be executed as soon as they arrive at the browser. Without any other protection, the malicious code could run without restriction and easily do harm. Using a sandbox to isolate the code can help protect against both malicious attacks and harm done by buggy Java programs with unlimited access to memory or operating system (OS) services. The sandbox restrictions strictly limit what system resources an applet can request or access.

The Java sandbox comprises the program area and a set of rules that programmers need to use when creating Java code sent with web content. The sandbox restrictions set strict limits on what system resources the applet can request or access. Essentially, the programmer must write code that "plays" only within the sandbox, much as children are allowed to make anything they want to within the confined limits of a real sandbox. The sandbox can be conceived as a small area within your computer where an applet's code can play freely, but it's not allowed to play anywhere else.

The sandbox is implemented not only by requiring programmers to conform to certain rules, but also by providing code checkers. The Java language itself provides features such as automatic memory management, garbage collection and the checking of address ranges in strings and arrays that inherently help to guarantee safe code.

Java's compiled code, known as bytecode, includes a verifier that guarantees adherence to certain limitations. Java also provides for a local namespace within which code may be restricted. The Java virtual machine -- the layer that interprets the Java bytecode for a given computer platform -- also mediates access to system resources and restricts sandboxed code.

In the original sandbox security model, the sandbox code is generally known as untrusted code. In later versions of the Java Development Kit (JDK) -- the programmer's development environment -- the sandbox has been made more sophisticated by introducing several levels of trust that the user can specify for sandbox code. The more trust the user allows, the more capability the code has to "play" outside of the sandbox.

Using a sandbox to test software changes before they go live means there are fewer problems during and after testing because the testing environment is totally separate from the production environment.

Sandboxing is also great for quarantining zero-day threats that exploit unreported vulnerabilities. Although there's no guarantee that sandboxing will stop zero-day threats, it offers an additional layer of security by separating the threats from the rest of the network. When threats and viruses are quarantined, cybersecurity experts can study them to identify patterns, helping to prevent future attacks and identify other network vulnerabilities.

Sandboxing also complements other security programs, including behavior monitoring and virus programs. It offers added protection against certain strains of malware that an antivirus program may not detect. More advanced malware can check to see if it's running in a sandbox before executing.

A sandbox game is a video game with a gameplay element that provides players a great degree of creativity to interact with, usually without any predetermined goal, or alternatively with a goal that the players set for themselves. Such games may lack any objective, and are sometimes referred to as non-games or software toys. More often, sandbox games result from these creative elements being incorporated into other genres and allowing for emergent gameplay. Sandbox games are often associated with an open world concept which gives the players freedom of movement and progression in the game's world. The term "sandbox" derives from the nature of a sandbox that lets children create nearly anything they want within it.

Early sandbox games came out of space trading and combat games like Elite (1984) and city-building simulations and tycoon games like SimCity (1989). The releases of The Sims and Grand Theft Auto III in 2000 and 2001, respectively, demonstrated that games with highly detailed interacting systems that encouraged player experimentation could also be seen as sandbox games. Sandbox games also found ground with the ability to interact socially and share user-generated content across the Internet like Second Life (2003). More notable sandbox games include Garry's Mod (2006) and Dreams (2020), where players use the game's systems to create environments and modes to play with. Minecraft (2009) is one of the most successful examples of a sandbox game, with players able to enjoy both creative modes and more goal-driven survival modes. Roblox (2006) offers a chance for everyone to create their own game by using Roblox Lua programming language. It allows adding effects, setting up functions, testing games, etc.[1] Fortnite (2017) has gamemodes which allow players to either fight one another, fight off monsters or create their own battle arenas.

From a video game development standpoint, a sandbox game is one that incorporates elements of sandbox design, a range of game systems that encourage free play.[2] Sandbox design can either describe a game or a game mode, with an emphasis on free-form gameplay, relaxed rules, and minimal goals. Sandbox design can also describe a type of game development, where a designer slowly adds features to a minimal game experience, experimenting with each element one at a time.[3] There are "a lot of varieties" of sandbox design, based on "a wide range of dynamic interactive elements".[2] Thus, the term is used often, without a strict definition.[4] Game designers sometimes define a sandbox as what it is not, where a game can "subtract the missions, the main campaign, the narrative or whatever formatively binds the game's progression, and you have a sandbox."[2]

In game design, a sandbox is a metaphor for playing in a literal sandbox.[5][6] Game historian Steve Breslin describes "the metaphor [as] a child playing in a sandbox ... produc[ing] a world from sand", compared to games with more fully formed content.[2] This metaphor between the virtual and literal sandbox is noted by architectural scholar Alexandra Lange, with a sandbox describing any bounded environment that offers freedom to explore and construct.[7] This can distinguish it from conventional ideas of a game, where the metaphorical sandbox is a "play space in which people can try on different roles and imaginary quests ... rather than a 'game' to play."[8]

In describing video games, sandbox design is often associated with the open world gameplay mechanic and vice versa, but these are two disparate concepts. Open worlds are those where the player's movement in the virtual world is typically not limited by the game allowing the player to roam freely through it.[9] Adventure on the Atari 2600 is considered an open world game as the player can explore the entire game world save for through locked gates from the start, but it is not considered to have sandbox design as the player's actions are generally restricted.[2] Similarly, games like Microsoft Flight Simulator are also open world since the player can take their plane anywhere in the game's virtual world, but as there is no creative aspects to the game, would not be considered a sandbox.[2]

Sandbox design can incorporate several different game mechanics and structures, including open worlds, nonlinear storytelling, emergent behaviors, and automation of believable agents.[2][10] It represents a shift away from linear gameplay.[11][12] This freedom is always a question of degree, as a sandbox design "engenders a sense of player control, without actually handing over the reins entirely".[2]

Player creativity is often included in sandbox design. When a player is allowed to use a game as a sandbox, they gain the freedom to be creative with their gameplay.[13] A sandbox will have a combination of game mechanics and player freedom that can lead to emergent gameplay, where a player discovers solutions to challenges that may not be intended by the developers.[2] A sandbox sometimes gives the player "transformative" power over the game world, where "the free movement of play alters the more rigid structure in which it takes shape."[14] Will Wright describes this generative aspect of sandbox designs, leading to a measurable increase in player possibilities.[15] John Smedley describes this type of emergent gameplay more succinctly, having seen in EverQuest "how hungry people are for sandboxes -- for building stuff".[16] GameDeveloper.com notes the growth of player-generated content as a "particular brand of sandbox design: that game design is so fun in itself that, if properly packaged, it can well be reinterpreted as gameplay itself".[2] 2351a5e196

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