The security and protection of our customers is of the utmost importance to Qualys, as is transparency whenever issues arise. A customer responsibly disclosed two scenarios related to the Qualys Cloud Agent:
Qualys engineering and product teams have implemented additional safeguards, and there is no action required by Qualys customers at this time. In addition, we have updated our documentation to help guide customers in selecting the appropriate privilege and logging levels for the Qualys Cloud Agent.
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Qualys Cloud Agent for Linux with signature manifest versions prior to 2.5.548.2 executes programs at various full pathnames without first making ownership and permission checks. Privilege escalation is possible on a system where a malicious actor with local write access to one of the vulnerable pathnames controlled by a non-root user installs arbitrary code, and the Qualys Cloud Agent is run as root. In such situations, an attacker could use the Qualys Cloud Agent to run arbitrary code as the root user.
Qualys assesses the attack complexity for this vulnerability as High, as it requires local system access by an attacker and the ability to write malicious files to user system paths. This lowers the overall severity score from High to Medium.
Qualys Cloud Agent for Linux writes the output of the ps auxwwe command to the /var/log/qualys/qualys-cloud-agent-scan.log file when the logging level is configured to trace. While customers often require this level of logging for troubleshooting, customer credentials or other secrets could be written to the Qualys logs from environment variables, if set by the customer.
Qualys Cloud Agent for Linux default logging level is set to informational. At this logging level, the output from the ps auxwwe is not written to the qualys-cloud-agent-scan.log. Qualys documentation has been updated to support customer decision-making on appropriate logging levels and related security considerations.
No action is required by Qualys customers. Qualys released signature updates with manifest version 2.5.548.2 to address this CVE and has rolled the updates out across the Qualys Cloud Platform.
Customers may use QQL vulnerabilities.vulnerability.qid:376807 in Qualys Cloud Agent, Qualys Global AssetView, Qualys VMDR, or Qualys CyberSecurity Asset Management to identify assets using older manifest versions.
The default logging level for the Qualys Cloud Agent is set to information. At this level, the output of commands is not written to the Qualys log. If customers need to troubleshoot, they must change the logging level to trace in the configuration profile. We log the multi-pass commands in verbose mode, and non-multi-pass commands are logged only in trace mode.
As a pre-requisite for CVE-2022-29549, an adversary would need to have already compromised the local system running the Qualys Cloud Agent. Common signs of a local account compromise include abnormal account activities, disabled AV and firewall rules, local logging turned off, and malicious files written to disk. File integrity monitoring logs may also provide indications that an attacker replaced key system files. Customers could also review trace level logging messages from the Qualys Cloud Agent to list files executed by the agent, and then correlate those logs to recently modified files on the system. The system files need to be examined using either antivirus software or manual analysis to determine if the files were malicious. Binary hash comparison and file monitoring are separate technologies and different product offerings from Qualys: Qualys File Integrity Monitoring (FIM) and Qualys Multi-Vector EDR.
Qualys product security teams perform continuous static and dynamic testing of new code releases. Senior application security engineers also perform manual code reviews. Additionally, Qualys performs periodic third-party security assessments of the complete Qualys Cloud Platform including the Qualys Cloud Agent. Lessons learned were identified as part of CVE-2022-29549 and new preventative and detective controls were added to build processes, along with updates to our developer training and development standards.
While a new agent is not required to address CVE-2022-29549, we updated Qualys Cloud Agent with an enhanced defense-in-depth mechanism for our customers to use if they choose. The new version offers three modes for running Vulnerability Management (VM) signature checks with each mode corresponding to a different privilege profile explained in our updated documentation.
Qualys announced the expansion of the Qualys Cloud Agent Platform. The Cloud Agent platform empowers organizations with flexibility and real-time asset inventory searches on a global scale, to effectively address the security and compliance of their IT assets, whether on premise, in the cloud or on mobile endpoints.
The recent Verizon Data Breach report showed that 99.9 percent of vulnerabilities exploited in attacks were compromised more than a year after being published. Traditional host-based and network-scanning methods have been the de facto way for organizations to identify vulnerabilities, verify patches and mitigate threats. Most organizations face significant cost and infrastructure challenges associated with scanning windows, authenticated scans and managing and updating heavyweight agents, all in an increasingly mobile and cloud-driven environment .
The Qualys Cloud Agent Platform combines the power of the Qualys platform with lightweight agents that are extensible, centrally managed and self-updating, allowing global businesses to continuously assess the security and compliance of their IT infrastructure and applications.
The Qualys Cloud Agent eliminates the need to schedule scan windows or manage credentials for vulnerability and compliance scanning. The agent is remotely deployable, centrally managed, self-updating and consumes very little CPU resources, less than 2 percent during normal operation. The agent automatically collects vulnerability and configuration data and securely transfers it to the Qualys Cloud Platform, where it is analyzed and correlated to identify risks and eliminate vulnerabilities.
Cloud Agents are deployed via a compact agent installer that can be embedded in system images, deployed with group policy, or simply run from the command line. Once installed, the agent takes a full assessment of its host, while running in the background, and sends that assessment snapshot back to the Qualys Cloud Platform for evaluation. Thereafter, a configurable profile controls how often the agent sends host changes as small deltas back to the platform to update the initial snapshot. Initial full snapshots are only about a few megabytes, and subsequent deltas are few kilobytes. This reduces the network bandwidth consumption to far below that of traditional scanning as well as other agent-based technologies.
Vulnerability Management (VM)
The Cloud Agent brings a new way to continuously monitor assets for the latest operating system, application and certificate vulnerabilities as well as to track the missing critical patches on each device in real-time. This eliminates the need for establishing scanning windows or the integrations with credential vaults, as well as ignoring the need to actually know where a particular asset resides. Qualys users can continue to use network-based scans one devices such as firewalls, routers etc. where it is not practical to install agents.
In future releases, Qualys will provide endpoint-patching capabilities via the Cloud Agent for VM.
The Qualys Cloud Agent is a lightweight software agent that uses minimal computing resources as it runs alongside CoreOS and OpenShift. It runs in the background and works by first making a full configuration assessment of its host platform. That snapshot is sent to the Qualys Cloud Platform hosted, as the name suggests, in the cloud. The agent is said to be self-updating and self-healing, so users will only need to install it once.
Qualys Security Solutions Architect Spencer Brown explained in a blog post that vulnerability detection and threat management for apps or services delivered via containers has traditionally been difficult and impractical to achieve, due to the lack of a comprehensive detection and threat assessment capability at the container and host level
By implementing the Qualys Cloud Agent in CoreOS on OpenShift, users will be able to see their full inventory of installed software, open ports and Red Hat Security Advisories for each RHEL CoreOS node they have up and running.
Due to the nature of Qualys' distribution methods, making the actual package available in a repository is outside the scope of this module. In most cases, you can create your own custom Yum, Apt, etc. repository and serve out the qualys-cloud-agent package you can download from the Qualys interface.
The "ensure" value for the Qualys agent package. This value can be "installed", "absent", or a version number if you want to specify a specific package version numer. Default: installed
A: Currently as of the writing of this FAQ, specific versions of Windows, MacOS, and various Linux distributions, as well as other operating systems are supported. For more details, see pages 8 to 13 in the Getting Started guide linked at the bottom of this FAQ.
A: The cloud agent self-updates by checking if a latest version is available when it contacts the Qualys Security Operation Center (SOC) in its next reporting interval. No intervention from the user is required for updates.
A: By utilizing tags, we can track our devices based on sets of rules that Qualys supports. For example, we are currently implementing tags based on Operating systems and naming schemas that we have in place.
A: Like tickets that have been sent out by the information security team to ITLs, you can expect to see device name, outdated versions of potentially vulnerable software, and the solutions recommended by Qualys to fix those issues. 152ee80cbc
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