The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI). It is also used to quantify internal pressure, stress, Young's modulus, and ultimate tensile strength. The unit, named after Blaise Pascal, is a SI coherent derived unit defined as one newton per square metre (N/m2).[1] It is also equivalent to 10 barye (10 Ba) in the CGS system. Common multiple units of the pascal are the hectopascal (1 hPa = 100 Pa), which is equal to one millibar, and the kilopascal (1 kPa = 1000 Pa), which is equal to one centibar.

The unit of measurement called standard atmosphere (atm) is defined as 101,325 Pa.[2]Meteorological observations typically report atmospheric pressure in hectopascals per the recommendation of the World Meteorological Organization, thus a standard atmosphere (atm) or typical sea-level air pressure is about 1013 hPa. Reports in the United States typically use inches of mercury[3] or millibars (hectopascals).[4][5] In Canada these reports are given in kilopascals.[6]


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The unit is named after Blaise Pascal, noted for his contributions to hydrodynamics and hydrostatics, and experiments with a barometer. The name pascal was adopted for the SI unit newton per square metre (N/m2) by the 14th General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1971.[7][8]

The pascal (Pa) or kilopascal (kPa) as a unit of pressure measurement is widely used throughout the world and has largely replaced the pounds per square inch (psi) unit, except in some countries that still use the imperial measurement system or the US customary system, including the United States.

In materials science and engineering, the pascal measures the stiffness, tensile strength and compressive strength of materials. In engineering the megapascal (MPa) is the preferred unit for these uses, because the pascal represents a very small quantity.

The pascal is also equivalent to the SI unit of energy density, the joule per cubic metre. This applies not only to the thermodynamics of pressurised gases, but also to the energy density of electric, magnetic, and gravitational fields.

The pascal is used to measure sound pressure. Loudness is the subjective experience of sound pressure and is measured as a sound pressure level (SPL) on a logarithmic scale of the sound pressure relative to some reference pressure. For sound in air, a pressure of 20 Pa is considered to be at the threshold of hearing for humans and is a common reference pressure, so that its SPL is zero.

The units of atmospheric pressure commonly used in meteorology were formerly the bar, (100,000 Pa) which was close to the average air pressure on Earth, and the millibar. Since the introduction of SI units, meteorologists generally measure pressures in hectopascals (hPa) unit, equal to 100 pascals or 1 millibar.[17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Exceptions include Canada, which uses kilopascals (kPa). In many other fields of science, prefixes that are a power of 1000 are preferred, which excludes the hectopascal from use.[24][25]

Free Pascal is a mature, versatile, open source Pascal compiler. It can target many processor architectures: Intel x86 (16 and 32 bit), AMD64/x86-64, PowerPC, PowerPC64, SPARC, SPARC64, ARM, AArch64, MIPS, Motorola 68k, AVR, and the JVM. Supported operating systems include Windows (16/32/64 bit, CE, and native NT), Linux, Mac OS X/iOS/iPhoneSimulator/Darwin, FreeBSD and other BSD flavors, DOS (16 bit, or 32 bit DPMI), OS/2, AIX, Android, Haiku, Nintendo GBA/DS/Wii, AmigaOS, MorphOS, AROS, Atari TOS, and various embedded platforms. Additionally, support for RISC-V (32/64), Xtensa, and Z80 architectures, and for the LLVM compiler infrastructure is available in the development version. Additionally, the Free Pascal team maintains a transpiler for pascal to Javascript called pas2js.

The pascal (Pa) is the unit of pressure or stress in the International System of Units (SI). It is named after the scientist and mathematician Blaise Pascal. One pascal is equivalent to 1 newton (N) of force applied over an area of 1 square meter (m2).

The pascal is also used to measure stress, specifically tectonic stress in the Earth's plates. For most engineering problems, the unit is too small to properly represent pressure or stress, which is why it is often expressed in its multiples, like the kilopascal (kPa), megapascal (MPa), millibar (100 Pa), etc.

Pressure is the force applied over an area. In the meter-kilogram-second system, it is expressed in pascals. Specifically, a pascal measures the pressure applied by 1 N of force applied on an area of 1 m2 at a right angle. SI accepted it as the standard unit of pressure in 1971 and named it after Blaise Pascal.

Young's modulus is a mathematical constant that describes the elasticity of solid materials. When compression or tension is applied to the modulus, the material is either elastic or inelastic -- or some version between these properties. If Young's modulus is high, the material is less elastic and vice versa. The pascal is used to measure this value and to understand if a material is elastic or not and to what extent.

A pascal is useful for ultralow gas pressure applications, such as ventilation systems where pressure differences need to be measured. For measuring midrange pressures, higher pascal units, such as kilopascal, megapascal and hectopascal (hPa) are used.

an image of this type, but idk how to do it, when i copy and paste it on pascal, it just appears a bunch of "????????", can someone help me so i can put this type of images (btw im really new to programing)

@pascal

did something to pull the vertical ripples which are not at all very weld looking but getting there, into a stack of coins effect, the middle of each ripple bowing forward., like lava flows.

A step by step most welcome as I never managed it.

The term Pascal case was popularized by the pascal programming language. Pascal itself is case insensitive, so the use of PascalCase was not a requirement. However, it became standard convention for Pascal developers, as it improved the readability of code. e24fc04721

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