Download BETTER O Level Biology

Biology majors are required to take two upper-level writing (ULW) courses. Although students are strongly encouraged to complete both ULW requirements by taking biological science courses (BIOL, BCH, MBI), ULW courses within a natural science discipline may also be used to meet one of the requirements. Writing courses within the humanities and social sciences are not applicable to UPBM majors.

*This course is contingent on approval of the final paper by the track coordinator. Students should send a copy of the final paper to the biology advisor upon course completion. See the list of track coordinators and contacts on our advising page.

Download O Level Biology

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Note: Biology majors may use only one of the following to complete the upper-level writing requirement: BIOL 274w/WRTG 262w, BIOL/WRTG272w, BIOL/WRTG 396W. Courses in the WRTG 27X series may not be taken more than once for credit.

In selecting a degree plan, a UHD student will want to consider the offering of upper-level (UL) life science courses including; Biology (BIOL), Microbiology (MBIO), and Sustainability (SUST). Each degree at UHD has outlined UL courses that are required for specific Majors and Minors conferred at graduation. It is important to note that all UL courses are not offered each semester, so the Natural Science (NS) Department maintains a schedule for the minimum occurrence of when UL science courses will be offered. When a student is planning their last semesters at UHD, we suggest consulting the scheduled course offerings to ensure timely graduation.

Entry-level microbiology positions exist across a wide range of industries including government agencies, health care, agriculture, medical manufacturing, and more. For college graduates just starting out, a job as a microbiologist will often involve gathering field samples, lab work and sample testing, instrument calibration, recording of data, and the like. The average salary for a microbiologist is just under $68,000 according to Indeed.

A food scientist has a lot of options regarding what type of food or beverage they work with. Options include working with dairy, wine, beer, and bread. For biology grads who enjoy the science of food, being a food scientist can be a rewarding career. Even better, entry-level jobs in food science start at over $48,000 a year.

A common challenge in the analysis of genomics data is trying to understand the underlying phenomenon in the context of all complex interactions taking place on various signaling pathways. A statistical approach using various models is universally used to identify the most relevant pathways in a given experiment. Here, we show that the existing pathway analysis methods fail to take into consideration important biological aspects and may provide incorrect results in certain situations. By using a systems biology approach, we developed an impact analysis that includes the classical statistics but also considers other crucial factors such as the magnitude of each gene's expression change, their type and position in the given pathways, their interactions, etc. The impact analysis is an attempt to a deeper level of statistical analysis, informed by more pathway-specific biology than the existing techniques. On several illustrative data sets, the classical analysis produces both false positives and false negatives, while the impact analysis provides biologically meaningful results. This analysis method has been implemented as a Web-based tool, Pathway-Express, freely available as part of the Onto-Tools ( ).

Students should also understand how to plan valid experiments with standardised variables and repeats. They should also know how to draw results tables that display data effectively. Evaluating the design of simple experiments, such as recognising the level of accuracy of equipment is also a useful skill to reinforce before AS & A Level. All these skills help to provide a good foundation upon which to build.

An introduction to the diversity and history of life. We begin with basic evolutionary patterns and processes that have shaped living things, and then move on to the major groups of organisms (their morphology, physiology, reproductive cycles) and their evolutionary origins and relationships. Using recent findings from such diverse fields as molecular phylogenetics, developmental biology, and paleontology, this course introduces students to the major branches on the tree of life. Three lecture hours and one three-hour lab each week.

The structure and function of the vertebrate nervous system, with a focus on the human nervous system, will be explored through analysis of human brain specimens and sections, and artistic photographic and computer graphic representations of nervous system structures at both the microscopic and systems levels. This course is designed to provide an understanding of both the peripheral and central nervous system with a focus on brain, brainstem, and spinal cord structure and function through observation and study of normal brain tissue and discussion of clinical cases. This course is intended for students with a strong interest in neuroscience. Three lecture hours and one three-hour lab each week. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 190 and BIOL 200

This course is an introduction to the diverse field of microbiology, including prokaryotes, archaea, viruses, and eukaryotic microorganisms. We will explore the ways microbes interact with their environments, in particular their diverse and complex relationships with humans. The course includes regular discussion of primary literature and an emphasis on written and oral communication. In the laboratory, students will practice fundamental microbiology techniques and data analysis, and lead hypotheses-driven independent investigations. Three lecture hours and one three-hour laboratory each week. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 170, BIOL 190 and BIOL 200; CHEM 211 recommended.

A study of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the biological basis of behavior. While particular emphasis is placed on the molecular and cellular components of the nervous system, these components are the foundation for the analysis of various systems. Discussion topics may include the role of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and receptors in learning and memory, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and drug addiction. The laboratory will be used to introduce major research techniques in neurobiology. These techniques will be used in independently designed research projects. Three lecture hours and one three-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 190 and BIOL 200

A study of biological processes at the molecular level with an emphasis on the chemistry of biological molecules, elements of physical biochemistry, the structure of proteins, the mechanisms and kinetics of enzyme catalyzed reactions, and selected topics in intermediary metabolism, including the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Three lecture hours and one three-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 200 and CHEM 212, or permission of the instructor. Students must earn a C- or higher in prerequisite courses. ff782bc1db