The word gaa (/n/; Sanskrit: ) in Sanskrit and Pali means "flock, troop, multitude, number, tribe, category, series, or class". It can also be used to refer to a "body of attendants" and can refer to "a company, any assemblage or association of men formed for the attainment of the same aims". The word "gana" can also refer to councils or assemblies convened to discuss matters of religion or other topics.

In Hinduism, the Gaas are attendants of Shiva and live on Mount Kailash. Ganesha was chosen as their leader by Shiva, hence Ganesha's title gaea or gaapati, "lord or leader of the ganas".[1]


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There was once a competition between the Devas and Devis on who should be the leader of the ganas. The objective was to circle once around the Earth and return to Devi Parvati. They traveled in quick pace on their Vahanas (vehicle), including Ganesha. However, as he was heavy and was riding on a small mouse, his pace was remarkably slow which gave him a disadvantage in winning the race. During the race, when Ganesha was not far from Parvati, Sage Narada came and inquired on his journey. The god became irritated as it is believed to be unlucky to encounter a Brahmin at the beginning of a voyage, even though the sage was divine. However, it is also seen as a bad omen when one asks where the traveler was heading when he or she was already on the way to their destination. Nonetheless, Narada soothed him and calmed wrath. Ganesha then explained his anger and his desire to accomplish the objective. The sage consoled to god that as he was a child, the world is equivalent to his mother; thus Ganesha's ability was to circle around Parvati and become the head of Ganas. Parvati soon saw Ganesha and inquired about his management of completing the race. The child told about his discussion with Sage Narada. Parvati became satisfied and claimed him to be the manager of the Ganas.[2][3][4]

Place the baking dish in the oven and set the timer for 1 hour and 5 minutes. I start testing the pizza gana at an hour. I take a clean butter knife and stick it in the middle of the dish. You will know it is done when the knife comes out clean.

Results:  BlastP searches for orthologs of human alpha-GAL and alpha-NAGA revealed a single C. elegans gene (R07B7.11) with homology to both human genes (alpha-galactosidase and alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase)--gana-1. We cloned and sequenced the complete gana-1 cDNA and elucidated the gene organization.Phylogenetic analyses and homology modeling of GANA-1 based on the 3D structure of chicken alpha-NAGA, rice alpha-GAL and human alpha-GAL suggest a close evolutionary relationship of GANA-1 to both human alpha-GAL and alpha-NAGA. Both alpha-GAL and alpha-NAGA enzymatic activities were detected in C. elegans mixed culture homogenates. However, alpha-GAL activity on an artificial substrate was completely inhibited by the alpha-NAGA inhibitor, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine.A GANA-1::GFP fusion protein expressed from a transgene, containing the complete gana-1 coding region and 3 kb of its hypothetical promoter, was not detectable under the standard laboratory conditions. The GFP signal was observed solely in a vesicular compartment of coelomocytes of the animals treated with Concanamycin A (CON A) or NH4Cl, agents that increase the pH of the cellular acidic compartment. Immunofluorescence detection of the fusion protein using polyclonal anti-GFP antibody showed a broader and coarsely granular cytoplasmic expression pattern in body wall muscle cells, intestinal cells, and a vesicular compartment of coelomocytes.Inhibition of gana-1 by RNA interference resulted in a decrease of both alpha-GAL and alpha-NAGA activities measured in mixed stage culture homogenates but did not cause any obvious phenotype. ff782bc1db

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