A livery /lvri/ is an identifying design, such as a uniform, ornament, symbol or insignia that designates ownership or affiliation, often found on an individual or vehicle. Livery often includes elements of the heraldry relating to the individual or corporate body featured in the livery. Alternatively, some kind of a personal emblem or badge, or a distinctive colour, is featured.
The word itself derives from the French livre, meaning dispensed, handed over. Most often it would indicate that the wearer of the livery was a servant, dependant, follower or friend of the owner of the livery, or, in the case of objects, that the object belonged to them.
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In the late medieval phenomenon of bastard feudalism, livery badges worn by the "retainers" of great lords, sometimes in effect private armies, became a great political concern in England.[citation needed]
"In the Black Book of 1483, it was laid down that each person should receive '... for his Livery at night, half a chet loaf, one quart of wine. one gallon of ale; and for Winter livery...one percher wax, one candle wax...'"[1]
During the 12th century, specific colours denoting a great person began to be used for both his soldiers and his civilian followers (the two often overlapped considerably), and the modern sense of the term began to form. Usually two different colours were used together (and often with a device or badge sewn on), but the ways in which they were combined varied with rank. Often the colours used were different each year.[citation needed] In addition to embroidered badges, metal ones were sewn on to clothing, or hung on neck-chains or (by far the most prestigious) livery collars. From the 16th century onwards, only the lower-status followers tended to receive clothes in livery colours (whilst the higher status ones received cash) and the term "servant", previously much wider, also began to be restricted to describing the same people. Municipalities and corporations copied the behaviour of the great households.[3]
The term is also used to describe badges, buttons[4][5] and grander pieces of jewellery containing the heraldic signs of an individual, which were given by that person to friends, followers and distinguished visitors, as well as (in more modest forms) servants. The grandest of these is the livery collar. William, Lord Hastings the favourite of King Edward IV of England had a "Coller of gold of K. Edward's lyverys" valued at the enormous sum of 40 in an inventory of 1489. This would have been similar to the collars worn by Hastings' sister and her husband Sir John Donne in the Donne Triptych by Hans Memling (described in Sir John Donne).[6] Lords gave their servants lead or pewter badges to sew onto their clothes.[7] In the 15th century, European royalty sometimes distributed uniform suits of clothes to courtiers, as the House of Fugger, the leading bankers, did to all employees.[8]
This practice later contracted to the provision of standardized clothing to male servants, often in a colour-scheme distinctive to a particular family. The term most notably referred to the embroidered coats, waistcoats, knee breeches and stockings in 18th-century style, worn by footmen on formal occasions in grand houses. Plainer clothing in dark colours and without braiding was worn by footmen, chauffeurs and other employees for ordinary duties. For financial reasons, the employment of such servants, and their expensive dress, died out after World War I except in royal households.[9]
Most European royal courts still use their state liveries on formal occasions. These are generally in traditional national colours, and are based on 18th-century clothing with fine gold embroidery. Only male royal servants normally wear livery. Knee breeches are worn, normally with white silk stockings; one exception being the Spanish court which prescribes red.[10]
At the British royal court, scarlet state livery is still worn by footmen, coachmen and other attendants on state occasions. The full-dress scarlet coats are handmade, and embroidered in gold braid with the royal cypher of the monarch. Gold buttons and other trimmings are of designs and patterns which date from the 18th century, and the full state dress worn by footmen includes scarlet breeches, stockings and a sword. On other formal occasions, a 'semi-state' dress is worn: a scarlet tail coat, black trousers and a white stiff shirt and bow tie. Normal day-to-day dress (as worn by footmen on duty in the palace, except on special occasions) consists of a black tail coat and trousers, white shirt and black tie and a scarlet waistcoat with gold trimming.[11] Pages wear similar daily, semi-state and (very occasionally) state liveries, but in dark blue rather than scarlet. The uniform clothing issued to full-time royal staff is tailor-made, but the seldom-worn full-state dress is not bespoke; the usual practice is to select individuals whose height fits the existing ceremonial coats held in storage.[12]
Pages of Honour to the king wear scarlet (or, in Scotland, green) frock coats with blue velvet cuffs, edged all round with gold lace, with white breeches and hose, a short sword and other accoutrements.[13]
Scarlet is the livery colour of the sovereign and of the royal court. Elizabeth II also had a family livery colour, however, known as 'Edinburgh Green', which she and the Duke of Edinburgh chose in the year of their marriage, 1948. Five years later, at her coronation, while the Queen's attendants wore scarlet the page in attendance on the Duke wore a green livery edged in silver. Subsequently, Edinburgh green became the colour used for their private cars and carriages (whereas the official vehicles are painted in a royal livery colour of maroon (or 'claret') and black).[14]
At the Belgian court liveries in traditional colours are still used at state occasions. The coats are red, and have black cuffs with golden lace. Royal cyphers are embroidered on the shoulders. The breeches are of yellow fabric. The semi-state livery worn for less formal occasions has black breeches.[15]
The phrase "to sue one's livery" refers to the formal recognition of a noble's majority, in exchange of payment, for conferring the powers attached to his title, and thereby freeing him from dependence as a ward.[16]
The term "livery" is now rarely applied in a military context, so it would be unusual for it to refer to a military uniform or the painting design of a military vehicle. The modern military equivalent for "livery" is the term "standard issue", which is used when referring to the colors and regulations required in respect of any military clothing or equipment.
Early uniforms were however regarded as a form of livery ("the King's coat") during the late 17th and early 18th centuries in the European monarchies.[19] During this period, officers of the French Garde du Corps (the Royal Bodyguard) successfully petitioned not be required to wear uniforms while on duty within the palace at Versailles, since this livery suggested that they were servants rather than aristocrats.
Mmm.... juicy burgers, delicious sandwiches, fresh seafood, a variety of soups, salads, and appetizers...The Livery caters to any taste. All of our food is made from scratch with fresh ingredients, including lots of local and seasonal goodies. Our chef creates new dishes daily, evolving and adapting the menu based on what you're asking for. There are always new flavors and combinations to try, making The Livery a great place to visit again and again.
At The Livery, you'll find more than just your standard drinks behind this counter. Our savvy bartenders will mix you the perfect Mojito with fresh mint and real fruit puree or a homemade spicy Bloody Mary that will knock your socks off. If a brew is more your style, try one of our 12 craft beers or specialty bottles.
Our chef and bartenders at The Livery are always coming up with some crazy dishes and drinks, adding something new daily. Our Friday-Flippin'-Frenzy-that-Feeds-Famished-Fish-Fanatics (a literal AND metaphorical mouthful) is one of our regular and most popular specials. See a list of specials below and see what we're experimenting with this week!
The Livery is located within walking distance to the popular Phoenix Park area, and is a neighbor to several shops and service businesses in the North Barstow redevelopment area. It's easy to find, easy to get to, and has plenty of parking available.
Every night is a great night for a bonfire at The Livery. There's plenty of outdoor seating around the huge brick fire pit to gather, whether it's summer or winter. Bring your stogies and your drinks out to the patio and enjoy the fresh outdoor air.
The Livery building is a historical icon in Eau Claire, as it once served as Oleson's Livery (owned by George and Peter Oleson) from the 1880s to the 1920s. It remains one of the few liveries still intact and in use.
As the economy transformed and automobiles started making long-distance travel easier, the livery building was modified into an automobile garage and has since housed numerous auto-related businesses.
Today, it is of great significance that the original Oleson's Livery building remains a solid structure, and is once again part of transforming the culture of Eau Claire's downtown area. The North Barstow area continues to grow and offer more amenities, services, and entertainment to nearby residents and workers, including the newly constructed mixed-use buildings for apartments and retail.
Today Jetblue announced it will be putting a special mint livery on all of its planes that have the mint product. The aircraft that we should see be painted into these new mint liveries are A321CEOs and A321NEOs. Now keep in mind not all A321CEOs and A321NEOs will be painted to the mint livery as not all of them have the mint product. There will be a fair amount of them that will be painted as a lot of jetblue planes have the mint product. Very excited to see how many they end up repainting in the end! This is an all new look for Jetblue and it makes them definitely stand out to all the other planes there! Soon more and more mint planes will be getting a new livery. 152ee80cbc
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