A research team from the National University of Singapore (NUS) Faculty of Science, led by Professor Liu Xiaogang from the Department of Chemistry, has developed a 3D imaging sensor that has an extremely high angular resolution, which is the capacity of an optical instrument to distinguish points of an object separated by a small angular distance, of 0.0018o. This innovative sensor operates on a unique angle-to-color conversion principle, allowing it to detect 3D light fields across the X-ray to visible light spectrum.
A light field encompasses the combined intensity and direction of light rays, which the human eyes can process to precisely detect the spatial relationship between objects. Traditional light sensing technologies, however, are less effective. Most cameras, for instance, can only produce two-dimensional images, which is adequate for regular photography but insufficient for more advanced applications, including virtual reality, self-driving cars, and biological imaging. These applications require precise 3D scene construction of a particular space.
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For example, self-driving cars could use light-field sensing to view streets and more accurately assess road hazards so as to adjust their speed accordingly. Light-field sensing could also enable surgeons to accurately image a patient's anatomy at varying depths, allowing them to make more precise incisions and better assess a patient's risk of injury.
"Currently, light-field detectors use an array of lenses or photonic crystals to obtain multiple images of the same space from many different angles. However, integrating these elements into semiconductors for practical use is complicated and costly," explained Prof Liu. "Conventional technologies can detect light fields only in the ultraviolet to visible light wavelength range, leading to limited applicability in X-ray sensing."
In addition, compared with other light-field sensors such as microlens arrays, the NUS team's light field sensor has a larger angular measurement range of more than 80 degrees, high angular resolution which can potentially be less than 0.015 degrees for smaller sensors, and a wider spectral response range of between 0.002 nm and 550 nm. These specifications make the novel sensor able to capture 3D images at higher depth resolution. The breakthrough was published in Nature on May 10, 2023.
NUS researchers have patterned perovskite crystals onto a transparent thin-film substrate and integrated them into a color charge-coupled device (CCD), which converts incoming light signals into a color-coded output. This crystal-converter system comprises a basic functional unit of the light-field sensor.
When incident light hits the sensor, the nanocrystals become excited. In turn, the perovskite units emit their own light in varying colors depending on the angle at which the incoming light ray strikes. The CCD captures the emitted color, which can then be used for 3D image reconstruction.
"A single angle value, however, is not enough to determine the absolute position of the object in a three-dimensional space," shared by Dr. Yi Luying, Research Fellow at the NUS Department of Chemistry and the first author of the paper. "We discovered that adding another basic crystal converter unit perpendicular to the first detector and combining it with a designed optical system could provide even more spatial information regarding the object in question."
Their experiments also demonstrated the capacity of the novel light-field sensor to resolve even very fine details. For example, a precise image of a computer keyboard was created that even captured the shallow protrusions of individual keys.
Prof Liu and his team are looking into methods to improve the spatial accuracy and resolution of their light-field sensor, such as using higher-end color detectors. The team has also applied for an international patent for the technology.
"We will also explore more advanced technologies to pattern perovskite crystals more densely onto the transparent substrate, which could lead to better spatial resolution. Using materials other than perovskite may also expand the detection spectrum of the light-field sensor," said Prof Liu.
DO ALL KINDLES HAVE A BUILT-IN LIGHT?
Yes! It used to be that you had to upgrade to a Paperwhite to get a light on your Kindle, but now every version of Kindle has a built-in light so you can read in the dark.
Hi Gemma, is this still an issue for you? We are moving abroad this summer and we are primarily library readers. I had asked Janssen about this since she was in London for some time and she said they had no problem getting library books. SO CURIOUS!
I commute and like to listen to books. There are many books not available in Audible, that are available in Kindle. Does Kindle have an option to read the words on the screen out loud, IF it was purchased from Amazon for Kindle, but not available in Amazon Audible?
I am an affiliate for Amazon and other online retailers. That means that if you use the links on my blog to make a purchase, I may get a small percentage of the purchase price. It never changes the price you pay and I select every item I talk about on my blog!
One would think that having super long titles would be a disadvantage because they'd be difficult to remember :P So, my question is, why is this style of title so common? Is this a recent thing? How did this trend of super long titles come about?
When standing in a bookstore crowded with light novels, what is the main thing a prospective buyer wants to know? "What is it about?" They are scanning through dozens if not hundreds of titles. Two things are available to quickly help the buyer know what each book might be about.
The title is visible on the book spines, so, depending on how books are stacked/shelved, is often visible before the art. Good, attractive titles would be evocative, funny, and/or descriptive. With a long title like That Time I Got Reincarnated as a Slime, one knows immediately what the book will likely be about. Plus in this case the title is both funny and descriptive. I would even argue that this title is more informative than the cover art.
Long titles, while difficult to remember, do not really drive away readers. In fact, if the series become popular, they would most certainly get nicknames for easier remembering, as with the case of OreImo, Choyoyu or WataMote, to name a few.
Not everyone has the time or pleasure to read or view plot summaries on the back of light novels and/or manga. As such, long titles became a trend for people to easily know what the plot is about and if it would be to their liking.
This website shows data as to the number of light novels and their title length over the years. Even before the 2000's, one can see that there are titles that reach around 30 characters or so. As such, it's not really a recent thing. But it's not that common and the number of such works with long, descriptive titles began to see an increase over the years until now.
To put it simple, a manga and light novel collection depending on how long it is can have dozens of sequels and continuations. Usually when a series is planned to have many chapters and books they name them differently to differentiate each book from each other, and the hepburn of the japanese name is made longer since kanji uses picture symbols as words and letters. So simply the hepburn of japanese characters makes the titles long.
If you are not into subscription plans of platforms, you can also purchase your novels from Kindle, Kobo, or Nook. All these three platforms are recognized for keeping some incredible light novels for reading. Besides that, there are various light novels that you can easily buy in print. This is for those who are into reading traditional books.
While browsing the bookstore to buy a gift for that special someone (or yourself), you may be faced with a tough decision: e-books or the old-fashioned kind? Each one has its pros and cons, and choosing the best option depends on a number of factors.
Some of the practical advantages of going digital are obvious: A portable little e-reader can carry an entire library wherever you go, which is great for travelers or those who always want a choice of reading material.
"First and foremost, consider the person and their lifelong preferences," Dr. Matthew H. Schneps, director of the Laboratory for Visual Learning, a collaboration between the University of Massachusetts Boston and MIT, told CBS News in an email. "Some people absolutely love the look, smell, and feel of the classical book held in the hand, and such people may not want to give up the sensory experience of reading from a paper book. If the recipient of your gift is someone who is adventurous when it comes to gadgets, but otherwise doesn't read much using traditional books, giving the gift of an e-reader can be a life-changing experience for them."
A 2014 study published in the journal Library & Information Science Research found that out of 143 10th grade students, most preferred e-readers. Boys and those who did not care much for reading also shared a strong preference for e-readers.
"An e-reader has more in common with the electronic devices that young people use all the time, like smartphones or iPads, than a paper book, when it comes to turning of pages, the possibilities of adjusting font size, etc.," lead author of the study, se Kristine Tveit, told CBS News in an email.
Several small studies suggest that reading on paper instead of an electronic screen is better for memory retention and focus. The Guardian reported on an experiment from Norway where people were given a short story to read either on a Kindle or in a paperback book; when they were quizzed later, those who read the paperback were more likely to remember plot points in the right order.
"When you read on paper you can sense with your fingers a pile of pages on the left growing, and shrinking on the right," the lead researcher, Anne Mangen, of Norway's Stavanger University, told the Guardian. "You have the tactile sense of progress ... Perhaps this somehow aids the reader, providing more fixity and solidity to the reader's sense of unfolding and progress of the text, and hence the story." 152ee80cbc
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