Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park is a state park of California, United States, marking the discovery of gold by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in 1848, sparking the California Gold Rush. The park grounds include much of the historic town of Coloma, California, which is now considered a ghost town as well as a National Historic Landmark District. The park contains thre California Historical Landmarks: a monument to commemorate James Marshall (#143),[2] the actual spot where he first discovered gold in 1848 (#530).[3] Established in 1942,[5] and Coloma Road (#748),.[4] The park now comprises 576 acres (233 ha) in El Dorado County.[6]
There's also evidence that H. luzonensis, or another ancient hominin, lived on Luzon even further back in time. In 2018, Mijares and his colleagues announced the discovery of stone tools and a butchered rhinoceros skeleton that are more than 700,000 years old, found not too far from Callao Cave. Because of the time gap between the remains and the tool site, however, it's tough to say whether the stone tool users were predecessors of H. luzonensis or an unrelated hominin.
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James W. Marshall discovered gold in 1848 on the South Fork of the American River in the valley the Nisenan Indians knew as Cullumah (beautiful valley). This event led to the greatest mass movement of people in the Western Hemisphere and was the spark that ignited the spectacular growth of the West during the ensuing decades. The gold discovery site, located in the still visible tailrace of Sutter's sawmill in present day Coloma, California, is one of the most significant historic sites in the nation.
In 1848, James W. Marshall found shining flecks of gold in the tailrace of the sawmill he was building in partnership with John Sutter. This discovery changed the course of California's and the nation's history. See a replica of the original sawmill and over 20 historic buildings including a mining exhibit, Chinese store exhibits and schoolhouse exhibit.
Visitors have the opportunity to pan for gold in the American River and enjoy hikes and picnics under the riparian oak woodlands. Overlooking the beautiful river canyon is the Marshall Monument, California's first historic monument and the final resting place of James Marshall. The statue looks down on the river and points to the site of the gold discovery.
The best place to start your tour of Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park is at the visitor center and museum. Interpretive exhibits and programs tell the story of the gold discovery and make it come alive. Information about and a map of the park can be found in the visitor center.
About seventy percent of the town of Coloma is included in Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park and therefore subject to use fees. Since there are only about two hundred year-round residents in the town, the tree-lined streets of the park are memorably quiet and serene throughout much of the year.
The park features buildings that have survived from the gold rush, as well as many other reminders of that tumultuous period. The Gold Discovery Museum features gold-rush-era exhibits as well as exhibits on the Native Americans, the people of many cultures who came to California during the gold rush, and the agricultural history of the area. A number of films about the gold discovery and early mining techniques are also available upon request.
Our Gold Discovery Tour tells the story and visits the sites of the Coloma Valley before the discovery of gold by James Marshall. Learn about the events leading up to the discovery, the history of the California Gold Rush and the town of Coloma.
The discovery of the compound cimetidine by researchers at the UK laboratories of Smith Kline & French in the 1970s, transformed the lives of millions of people. Sold under the trademark Tagamet, it was the first effective anti-ulcer drug and had a revolutionary impact on treatment. Tagamet profoundly decreases acid secretion, thus promoting healing and avoiding the need for surgery.
The research program leading to cimetidine also represented a revolution in the way pharmaceuticals are developed. Traditionally, the development of a new drug would often depend on the fortuitous discovery of a plant or microbial extract that showed some of the required biological activity. Using that first extract as a lead, many similar compounds would be made and tested for pharmacological effectiveness. In many cases, the researchers did not know how the drug worked, so finding an optimal compound was difficult.
Using a step by step analysis of structural and physical properties, the team made a series of histamine-based molecules, which were then tested for antagonist activity using carefully designed pharmacological assays. Today, this approach of rational drug design underpins the discovery programs of many major pharmaceutical companies.
The discovery of histamine H2-antagonists is a story of single-minded commitment by a group of creative scientists working in close collaboration in the United Kingdom. The process of research and development for economical production of the resulting drug, cimetidine, was the work of equally creative scientists working in the United States.
Just as the discovery of cimetidine is a landmark in logical drug design, so the discovery and development of efficient synthetic routes to cimetidine is a landmark in process research and development.
Sir James Black was born in Scotland in 1924. He studied medicine at the University of St Andrews. His work at Smith Kline & French on establishing the role of the histamine H2-receptor in acid secretion leading to the discovery of antagonists must be considered his most significant achievement. It followed on naturally from his pioneering research carried out at ICI on beta-adrenogenic antagonists, or beta-blockers. On leaving Smith Kline & French in 1973, he took up the chair of Pharmacology at University College London. Four years later, he moved to Wellcome as Director of Therapeutic Research. In 1984 he was named Professor of Analytical Pharmacology at Kings College London. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1988.
This map displays individual, interior, and scenic landmarks, as well as historic districts in all five boroughs. The map also provides detailed building-by-building information for all buildings within historic districts. Users can click on designated buildings and sites for additional information such as building information, photos and designation reports. Click the legend icon on the left of the map screen to identify properties that are color-coded by landmark type.
When archaeologist Howard Carter held up a candle to peer inside on November 26, 1922, the light glinted on golden objects. This tomb, belonging to the Pharaoh Tutankhamun, would soon become the most famous ancient Egyptian discovery of all time.
Carter spent nearly 10 years removing more than 5,000 objects from the tomb. The discovery and excavation delighted people around the world who followed his work in newspapers and radio. (U.S. president Herbert Hoover even named one of his dogs King Tut.)
IP geolocation determines geographical location by the IP address of Internet hosts. IP geolocation is widely used by target advertising, online fraud detection, cyber-attacks attribution and so on. It has gained much more attentions in these years since more and more physical devices are connected to cyberspace. Most geolocation methods cannot resolve the geolocation accuracy for those devices with few landmarks around. In this paper, we propose a novel geolocation approach that is based on common routers as secondary landmarks (Common Routers-based Geolocation, CRG). We search plenty of common routers by topology discovery among web server landmarks. We use statistical learning to study localized (delay, hop)-distance correlation and locate these common routers. We locate the accurate positions of common routers and convert them as secondary landmarks to help improve the feasibility of our geolocation system in areas that landmarks are sparsely distributed. We manage to improve the geolocation accuracy and decrease the maximum geolocation error compared to one of the state-of-the-art geolocation methods. At the end of this paper, we discuss the reason of the efficiency of our method and our future research.
Data collection. Based on web data mining techniques, one can gather location-aware information from different data sources on the Internet. Records maintained by official organizations are ground truths for IP geolocation, e.g. Domain Name System (DNS) records (Padmanabhan and Subramanian 2001) from public DNS servers, Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP) databases (Newton et al. 2015) maintained by Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) and routing tables (Meyer and et al. 2005; Route Server 2009) from public routers. Open source landmarks can be collected from PlanetLab nodes (Klingaman et al. 2006), perfSONAR (Hanemann et al. 2005) and PingER (Matthews and Cottrell 2000). There exists numerous web landmarks crawled from web pages (Guo et al. 2009) and online map services (Wang et al. 2011). Hosts with accurate geographical location are considered to be ground truths.
Data cleaning. Information from different sources varies in format. These data are processed into two datasets: landmarks and constraints. There are two kinds of landmarks, vantage points that can be controlled (e.g. looking glasses) and passive landmarks that are visible by network measurement tools.
Constraint calculation. Network measurement aims to infer geographical relationships between nodes. The proportion of landmarks to the total IP address space is small, so most nodes need to be located by geographical constraints. They can be extracted by data clustering (Padmanabhan and Subramanian 2001), network measurements (Gueye et al. 2006; Wang et al. 2011), etc. ff782bc1db
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