When the first familiar chords of O Canada play at schools, hockey games and other events, Canadians stand with pride in honour of their country. Proclaimed to be Canada's national anthem on July 1, 1980, O Canada was first sung in French 100 years earlier.

There is no specific rule as to when it is appropriate to sing the national anthem at an event. It is up to the organizers to determine if O Canada will be sung at the beginning or at the end of a ceremony. If 2 anthems are to be played at the beginning of an event, O Canada should be played first followed by the other one. When anthems are played at the end of an event, O Canada should be played last.


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As a matter of respect and tradition, it is proper to stand for the playing of O Canada; this is also the case for the anthem of any other nation. It is traditional for civilian men to take off their hats during the playing of the national anthem. Women and children do not remove their hats on such occasions.

There is no copyright on the melody and the words of the national anthem, the Act having declared them to be in the public domain. However, it is possible to copyright the arrangements made to the melody.

In terms of commercial use, both the national anthem "O Canada" and the Royal Anthem "God Save The King" are in the public domain and may be used without having to obtain permission from the government.

Jana Gana Mana is the national anthem of India.

It was first sung at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress on 27 December 1911.

Lyrics: Rabindranath Tagore

Music: Ram Singh Thakur

Adopted: 1950

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Four Ruffles and Flourishes followed by the national anthem is used to provide musical honors to former Presidents of the United States or the President-elect. When followed by the national anthem of a foreign country, it is used to provide musical honors to foreign sovereigns, chiefs of state, or members of reigning royal families.

Retreat signals the ceremony that pays honors to the national flag when it is lowered in the evening. Military personnel in formation should stand at parade rest during the performance of Retreat. Personnel in uniform should face the flag and stand at attention. All others should remove headgear, face the flag and stand at attention. Retreat is followed by the performance of To the Color, or the national anthem.

The national anthem of the United States. All military personnel in uniform should face the flag and render hand salute during the performance of The Star Spangled Banner. When indoors, military personnel should stand at attention. All others should remove headgear, face the flag, place the right hand over the heart and stand at attention.

The National Anthem of India is titled "Jana Gana Mana". The song was originally composed in Bengali by India's first Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore on 11 December 1911.[12][13][14] The parent song, 'Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata' is a Brahmo hymn that has five verses and only the first verse has been adopted as the national anthem. If put forward succinctly, the anthem conveys the spirit of pluralism or in a more popular term the concept of 'unity in diversity', which lies at the core of India's cultural heritage.

The song was selected as the national anthem by Subhas Chandra Bose while he was in Germany. On the occasion of the founding meeting of the German-Indian Society on 11 September 1942 in the Hotel Atlantic in Hamburg, "Jana Gana Mana" was played for the first time by the Hamburg Radio Symphony Orchestra as the national anthem of India.[23] The musical notations for this interpretation of the song were prepared by B.L. Mukherjee and Ambik Majumdar.[24]

Before it officially became the national anthem of India in 1950, "Jana Gana Mana" was heard in the 1945 film Hamrahi.[25] It was also adopted as a school song of The Doon School, Dehradun in 1935.[26]

The members of the Indian delegation to the General Assembly of the United Nations held in New York in 1947 gave a recording of "Jana Gana Mana" as the country's national anthem. The song was played by the house orchestra in front of a gathering consisting of representatives from all over the world.

In Kerala, students belonging to the Jehovah's Witnesses religious denomination were expelled by school authorities for their refusal to sing the national anthem on religious grounds, although they stood up when the anthem was sung.[41] The Kerala High Court concluded that there was nothing in it which could offend anyone's religious susceptibilities, and upheld their expulsion. On 11 August 1986,[42] the Supreme Court reversed the High Court and ruled that the High Court had misdirected itself because the question is not whether a particular religious belief or practice appeals to our reason or sentiment but whether the belief is genuinely and conscientiously held as part of the profession or practice of religion. "Our personal views and reactions are irrelevant." The Supreme Court affirmed the principle that it is not for a secular judge to sit in judgment on the correctness of a religious belief.[43]

In some states, the anthem must be played before films are played at cinemas. On 30 November 2016, to instil "committed patriotism and nationalism", the Supreme Court ordered that all cinemas nationwide must play the national anthem, accompanied by an image of the flag of India, before all films. Patrons were expected to stand in respect of the anthem, and doors to a cinema hall were expected to be locked during the anthem to minimise disruption.[45] The order was controversial, as it was argued that patrons who chose not to participate would be targeted and singled out, as was the case in an incident publicised in 2015 which purported to show a group of patrons (alleged by the YouTube uploader to be Muslims) being heckled by others. On 10 February 2017, two Kashmiris (which included an employee of the state government) were arrested under the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act for not standing during the anthem at a cinema, in the first such arrest of its kind made by a state government. On 3 July 2023, an executive magistrate in Srinagar sent 11 men to jail for a week, allegedly not rising for the anthem at a 25 June event in the presence of J&K Lt Governor Manoj Sinha.[46] Other incidents of violent outbreaks associated with the policy were also reported.[47][48][49]

A cinema club in Kerala (whose film festival was required to comply with the order, leading to several arrests) challenged the order as an infringement of their fundamental rights, arguing that cinemas were "singularly unsuited for the gravitas and sobriety that must accompany the playing of the national anthem", and that the films screened would often "be at odds with sentiments of national respect".[50] In October 2017, Justice Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud questioned the intent of the order, arguing that citizens "don't have to wear patriotism on our sleeve", and that it should not be assumed that people who do not stand for the anthem were any less patriotic than those who did. In January 2018, the order was lifted, pending further government discussion.[51][52][53]

In October 2019, a video of a Bengaluru couple being bullied for not standing up during the national anthem in a movie hall went viral. They were questioned "Are you Pakistani?". There was a debate on the issue; some lawyers recalled Article 21, some people called it a way to gain media attention and some recommended attending the movie after the national anthem is played to avoid any problems. But after the debate, the Supreme Court reversed its earlier order making it mandatory for cinema halls to play the National Anthem.[54]

In 2005, there were calls to delete the word "Sind"[n] and substitute it with the word Kashmir. The argument was that Sindh was no longer a part of India, having become part of Pakistan as a result of the Partition of 1947. Opponents of this proposal hold that the word "Sind" refers to the Indus[o] and Sindhi culture and that Sindhi people are a part of India's cultural fabric. The Supreme Court of India declined to change the national anthem and the wording remains unchanged.[citation needed]

In 2017 the state government of Jharkhand under the Bharatiya Janata Party proposed making the singing of the national anthem compulsory in Madrasas. This was met with opposition from a section of Muslim clerics because it violated the basic principles of the Islamic centres of learning.[56]

I've been thinking lately as I watch the World Cup, why does every national anthem fall into the classical music genre? I understand they are all not in the same style, but to my untrained ear, they are on the whole built in similar fashions.

To commemorate Indian Independence Day 2023, three-time Grammy winner Ricky Kej on Monday released a teaser of the instrumental rendition of the Indian national anthem with the 100-member British Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. 17dc91bb1f

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