2015 saw the publication of the latest in a string of fascinating titles dealing with the Cold War history of the Royal Navy Submarine Service. Secrets of the Conqueror (2012), Hunter Killers (2013) and Cold War Command (2014) were essentially based on stories told by RN submariners. The Silent Deep, the Royal Navy Submarine Service since 1945 is a lengthy and more encompassing work that tells the political, operational and personal stories of the service from the end of WWII up to the present day.

This was soon followed by the realisation that the UK nuclear deterrent was best carried by submarines and the eventual agreement to buy the US Polaris ballistic missile submarines. The incredible challenge of building the 4 Polaris boats and their supporting infrastructure was successfully met. This is a timely reminder to the UK defence establishment that large projects can be delivered on time and on budget when managed with skill and determination.


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Hennessy is very much at home discussing the political dimensions of the story but also manages to weave the detailed technical and operational aspects into the narrative. The similarly demanding project to replace Polaris with Trident is also covered in great depth. Although the Soviet submarine force had ballooned by the 1970s, the smaller NATO submarine force had three major advantages well into the 1980s; better crews, better submarines and seabed listening arrays.

RN and US submariners were more highly trained and more professional than their Soviet counterparts. Their submarines were far quieter and had better sensors so could detect their adversaries more easily with little chance of counter-detection. Developments in passive sonar allowed RN submariners to listen for, and tail soviet boats, sometimes for days, without the need to reveal their presence.

The qualitative edge enjoyed by NATO submarine began to be eroded in the late 1980s, mainly because the Soviets had access to technical secrets through the infamous Walker spy ring, culminating in the appearance of the very quiet Soviet Victor III SSN. The Cold War came to a timely end for the RN as the first generation of SSNs were showing their age. Serious engineering problems with nuclear reactors were discovered in late 1989 and this left the majority of the fleet unable to deploy for a period in the early 1990s (and again in 2000).

In the final and perhaps most important chapter, Hennessy looks at the submarine service of today. Charting the troubled start to the Astute class submarines and the industrial and political failures that were the cause, it is good to note that there is a determination to avoid a repeat of these problems during the construction of the Trident successor submarines. The United States is very supportive of the project and will share a common missile compartment design with their SSBN-X.

at a time when many are bemoaning the shape and sizeof the royal navy fleet the quote of just 7+4 bombers is a mockery when 19 submarines, including the entire swiftsure class are laid up at devonport and rosyth. how much time and cost would it be to recomission a couple in leiu of the wait for the rest of the astute class to enter service? like the surface fleet we appear to have more ships laid up than in service

The U.S. Navy possesses sufficient technological capability for deep-sea operations in open waters, yet despite the billions of dollars invested and numerous technological products developed, it has not achieved the desired technological level for littoral (coastal/shallow waters) Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) operations. Consequently, operating in relatively shallow waters surrounding our country, such as the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, still involves considerable risks. Operated by a well-trained crew and with stealth as their greatest weapon, submarines continue to stand out as highly deterrent weapons in regional seas. Submarines, being the most effective platforms that can provide depth to a country's defence, enable defence beyond the borders, thanks to their potential to change the course of a war. Due to their features that can alter the fate of a conflict, submarines are crucial elements for the deterrence of both the Navy and the country. Login & Read One-Year Subscription Buy Digital IssueĀ 

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Run Silent, Run Deep is a 1958 American black-and-white war film starring Clark Gable and Burt Lancaster, based on the 1955 novel of the same name by Commander (later Captain) Edward L. Beach Jr. The picture was directed by Robert Wise and produced by Harold Hecht. The title refers to "silent running", a submarine stealth tactic. The story describes World War II submarine warfare in the Pacific Ocean, and deals with themes of vengeance, endurance, courage, loyalty, and honor, and how these can be tested during wartime.

Although based on a novel of the same name, and having many of the same characters, the plot of the film diverges from that of the book. Captain Beach, the author of the book, did not think highly of the film; he later said that the film company bought only the book title and was not interested in producing an accurate depiction of the theme and plot of his novel.[4]

A World War II US Navy submarine officer, Commander P.J. Richardson (Clark Gable), is determined to get revenge on the Japanese destroyer Akikaze and its captain, nicknamed "Bungo Pete", who has sunk four U.S. submarines in the Bungo Straits, including his previous command. He persuades the Navy Board to give him a new submarine command with the provision that his executive officer be someone who has just returned from active sea patrol.

He single-mindedly trains the crew of his new boat, the USS Nerka, to return to the Bungo Straits and sink Bungo Pete, in spite of the Navy having expressly forbidden him from entering the Bungo Straits on this mission. Richardson's executive officer, Lieutenant Jim Bledsoe (Burt Lancaster) resents Richardson and the Navy leadership for denying him command of the Nerka, and worries about the safety of his boat and his crew.

Richardson rigorously drills the crew on a rapid bow shot. Firing at the bow of an approaching ship is considered an act of desperation due to a vessel's extremely narrow profile. He bypasses one target, then takes on a Japanese destroyer with a bow shot. The crew figures out that Richardson is avoiding legitimate targets to enter the Bungo Straits undetected in direct violation of his mission orders.

They encounter a large Japanese convoy. After blowing up a cargo ship and engaging Bungo Pete, they are attacked by aircraft that had clearly been alerted to their presence and were waiting in ambush. They rapidly dive and barely survive depth charges. Three of the crew are killed, and Richardson suffers an incapacitating concussion. The submarine narrowly dodges what the crew mistakenly believes is one of their own torpedoes doubling back on them. By sending up blankets, equipment, and the bodies of the dead, they convince the Japanese that the submarine has been sunk. Bledsoe uses Richardson's injury to assume command and set course for Pearl Harbor.

While listening to Tokyo Rose proclaiming the sinking of their boat, several crewmen are mystified about how the Japanese are able to identify several of them by name. Bledsoe realizes that the Japanese have analyzed their floating trash. Since the Japanese believe the Nerka has been sunk, he returns to the Bungo Straits to fight the Akikaze, which the submarine sinks with a bow shot, only to be attacked again by a mystery torpedo. Richardson deduces that the Akikaze was not working alone to sink US submarines, but was in concert with a Japanese submarine. He orders the boat into a dive just seconds before a Japanese torpedo races by.

After a brief underwater standoff, Bledsoe realizes that with the Akikaze gone, the Japanese sub must defend its convoy. By attacking the convoy, the Nerka forces its adversary to surface, where it uses the shallow-draft decoy ship as a screen. The Nerka fires torpedoes under the shallow-draft ship, destroying the Japanese sub hiding behind it.

The film draws many plot elements from the novel, including Japanese gathering intelligence from the submarine's trash. One key difference is that the novel places Richardson ashore recovering from a battle injury and working on the torpedo exploder problem when Bledsoe takes out Richardson's boat and dies in the sinking of the USS Walrus.

In the novel, the conflict between Richardson and Bledsoe begins at the start of the war, while they are reconditioning the old USS S-16 (SS-121) in the Naval Submarine Base New London and Richardson is compelled to disqualify Bledsoe for command of his own sub. The mutinous attitudes of the crew are an extension of Bledsoe's earlier rebelliousness, while the film provides them with no comparable context other than their loyalty to and respect for Bledsoe. Ensign Keith Leone, a sympathetic and loyal major character of the novel, is replaced by an unsympathetic and disloyal one who did not appear in the novel, Cartwright, to advance the conflict.

In the film, the submarine does not ram Japanese lifeboats to ensure that Bungo Pete is killed. The US Navy, which helped with the film's production, may have been concerned with reviving memories of a 1943 incident in which Dudley W. Morton fired on Japanese shipwreck survivors while commanding USS Wahoo (SS-238).

The USS Redfish was used in many of the exterior scenes. This submarine had earlier portrayed the Nautilus in the Walt Disney film 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954) and made several appearances in the television series The Silent Service. She was scrapped in 1969. Rear Admiral Rob Roy McGregor, who had commanded two fleet boats (Grouper and Sea Cat) during World War II, acted as the technical advisor.[6] 152ee80cbc

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