I have an external sound card, for which I used the specific driver. However, I sometimes want to work while allowing sounds from other applications to work, for which I required the DirectX full duplex driver.

Think I found a work-around: I installed Cubase Elements 6 which properly registers the DirectX full duplex driver. After which I uninstalled version 6 and copied the required files back in the Asio folder. Instead of what all thought: these...


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In this way, you'll be able to manage the driver default for all users connecting to this particular device; however this may not work if you're only attempting to apply this setting for certain users. You could in theory make separate queues with the different settings and have users connect that way, but depending on the scale of this implementation you may be faced with an uphill challenge.

Everything set here is supposed to propagate to any connected clients, including paper selection, duplex, etc. as the default print settings. By "Default" I mean that's what the server tells the clients to default the settings to -- the user can change them. And that's what's supposed to happen, but I've seen with some printers, particularly our Canon, that the watermark settings under "printing defaults..." don't propagate. But they do fine on my Xeroxes.

I got the following code for duplex scanning which uses WIA2 for communication with scanners. It works perfectly with Fujitsu fi-6130 but there is an issue with Epson GT-S55. The problem is, it saves the second image of the duplex scan blank (in black color). Is there a property that I'm missing here?.

The printer emulation type and the physical features of the printer are important printer property values. The physical features of the printer are things such as duplex mode and the number of paper trays. Printer emulation is the most important of these two printer property values.

If you select a similar printer in the Add Printer Wizard on a computer running 64-bit Windows, consider the physical features of the printer. For example, if you require duplex printing on your documents, the compatible driver that you choose must also support duplex printing.

Other issues to consider include the availability of paper input and output trays, and the default orientation of the paper input. For example, printer drivers offer different methods to select duplex printing. If you choose a printer driver from the same manufacturer as your printer, you can increase the chance that duplex is implemented in the same way across the whole range of devices. Besides, if you pick a printer model that has a similar model series number, you can increase the chance that the printer driver is compatible.

If you select a compatible printer, you may experience compatibility issues. For example, you want to print to a monochrome laser printer. In this situation, you must find a printer driver that uses the same printer emulation. The same printer emulation typically ensures that the document prints legibly. But you may not have the required duplex feature available.

This document provides a general description of auto-negotiation and explains the procedure to configure and verify auto-negotiation on Catalyst switches that run the Cisco IOS Software on both the Supervisor Engine and MSFC (Native). This document also shows an example of why the most common duplex-mismatch error occurs and describes how to configure and verify auto-negotiation on Catalyst switches that run Cisco IOS System Software.

Auto-negotiation is targeted at ports. These ports are allocated to areas where transient users or devices connect to a network. For example, many companies provide shared offices or cubes for Account Managers and System Engineers to use when they are in the office. Each office or cube has an Ethernet port permanently connected to the office network. Because it cannot be possible to ensure that every user has either a 10 Mb, a 100 Mb Ethernet, or a 10/100 Mb card in their laptop, the switch ports that handle these connections must be able to negotiate their speed and duplex mode. The alternative is to provide both a 10 Mb and a 100 Mb port in each office, or cube and label them accordingly.

One of the most common causes of performance issues on 10/100 Mb Ethernet links occurs when one port on the link operates at half-duplex while the other port operates at full-duplex. This occurs when one or both ports on a link are reset and the auto-negotiation process does not result in both link partners with the same configuration. It also can occur when users reconfigure one side of a link and forget to reconfigure the other side. Both sides of a link must have auto-negotiation on, or both sides must have it off. Cisco recommends to leave auto-negotiation on for those devices compliant with 802.3u.

The switches that run Cisco IOS Software default to auto-negotiation for speed and are set to on for the duplex. Run the show interface interface status  command to verify these settings.

The first output is taken from a Catalyst 6500/6000 that runs Cisco IOS Software Release 12.1(6)E. It shows a connected port that auto-negotiates a link to 100 Mbps and half-duplex. The configuration that runs for this switch has no duplex or speed commands underneath interface FastEthernet 3/1 because auto-negotiation is the default. Issue the  show interface interface  command (without the  status  keyword) to see the port speed and duplex.

The  a prefixes on the half and 100 indicate that this port is not hard coded (configured) for a specific duplex mode or speed. Therefore, it auto-negotiates the duplex mode and speed if the device it is connected to also auto-negotiates duplex mode and speed. The status is connected, which means that a link pulse is detected from the other port. The status can be connected even if duplex is incorrectly negotiated or incorrectly configured. Also, notice that there is no speed or duplex commands under the interface configuration, this is because auto-negotiate speed and duplex is the default configuration.

If you want to hard code the speed and duplex on a switch that runs Cisco IOS Software (turn off auto-negotiation), issue the speed and duplex commands underneath the specific interface. Duplex is subservient to speed in the sense that if speed is set to auto, then the duplex cannot be manually set. You can see cyclic redundancy check (CRC) error messages when both the speed and duplex settings are hardcoded on the two devices. This can be because any one of the devices runs an earlier version of Cisco IOS. You can upgrade the Cisco IOS or set the speed and duplex to auto on both devices in order to resolve this.

The next outputs were taken from a 3850 and a 9500 Catalyst switches. In this example, these two switches are directly connected on one side speed and duplex was hardcoded and on the other side auto-negotiation is used. As it can be observed, the absence of the a prefix in the status fields of the output from the show interface TwentyFiveGigE1/0/2 status  command on Switch_1 shows that the duplex mode is configured for  full  and the speed is configured for 1000.

The next message is about a duplex mode mismatch, it is displayed on a switch after it detects that there is a duplex mismatch on the interface. This mismatch can occur due to a misconfiguration on the device connected on interface GigabitEthernet2/0/20:

A duplex mismatch can or cannot result in an error message. Another indication of a duplex mismatch is the rapid increase of FCS and alignment errors on the half-duplex side, and runts on the full-duplex port.

Description:  show interfaces counters errors.  Alignment errors are a count of the number of frames received that do not end with an even number of octets and have a bad Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).Common Causes:  These are usually the result of a duplex mismatch or a physical problem (such as cabling, a bad port, or a bad NIC). When the cable is first connected to the port, some of these errors can occur. Also, if there is a hub connected to the port, collisions between other devices on the hub can cause these errors. Platform Exceptions: Alignment errors are not counted on the Catalyst 4000 Series Supervisor I (WS-X4012) or Supervisor II (WS-X4013).

Description: show interfaces counters errors.  The Carri-Sen (carrier sense) counter increments every time an Ethernet controller wants to send data on a half-duplex connection. The controller senses the wire and checks if it is not busy before it transmits.  Common Causes:  This is normal on an half-duplex Ethernet segment.

Descriptions: show interfaces counter. The number of times a collision occurred before the interface transmitted a frame to the media successfully. Common Causes: Collisions are normal for interfaces configured as half-duplex but must not be seen on full duplex interfaces. If collisions increase dramatically, this points to a highly utilized link or possibly a duplex mismatch with the attached device.

Description: show interfaces counter. This increments when the CRC generated by the LAN station or far-end device that originates the traffic does not match the checksum calculated from the data received. Common Causes: This usually indicates noise or transmission problems on the LAN interface or the LAN itself. A high number of CRCs is usually the result of collisions but can also indicate a physical issue (such as cabling, bad interface or NIC) or a duplex mismatch.

Description: show interfaces counter. The number of frames that have been transmitted successfully after they wait because the media was busy. Common Causes: This is usually seen in half-duplex environments where the carrier is already in use when it tries to transmit a frame. e24fc04721

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