I know this can be done using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word, but my application is .NET Core and does not have access to Office interop. It could be running on Azure, but it could also be running in a Docker container on anything else.
Bad news at the moment there isn't a lot of choice for PDF generation libraries on .NET Core. Since it doesn't look like you want to pay for one and you can't legally use a third party service we have little choice except to roll our own.
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The main problem is getting the Word Document Content transformed to PDF. One of the popular ways is reading the Docx into HTML and exporting that to PDF. It was hard to find, but there is .Net Core version of the OpenXMLSDK-PowerTools that supports transforming Docx to HTML. The Pull Request is "about to be accepted", you can get it from here:
Now that we can extract document content to HTML we need to convert it to PDF. There are a few libraries to convert HTML to PDF, for example DinkToPdf is a cross-platform wrapper around the Webkit HTML to PDF library libwkhtmltox.
If you only want to show Word .docx files in a web browser its better not to convert the HTML to PDF as that will significantly increase bandwidth. You could store the HTML in a file system, cloud, or in a dB using a VPP Technology.
Next thing we need to do is pass the HTML to DinkToPdf. Download the DinkToPdf (90 MB) solution. Build the solution - it will take a while for all the packages to be restored and for the solution to Compile.
The DinkToPdf library requires the libwkhtmltox.so and libwkhtmltox.dll file in the root of your project if you want to run on Linux and Windows. There's also a libwkhtmltox.dylib file for Mac if you need it.
Ps. I realise you wanted to convert both .doc and .docx to PDF. I'd suggest making a service yourself to convert .doc to docx using a specific non-server Windows/Microsoft technology. The doc format is binary and is not intended for server side automation of office.
The LibreOffice project is a Open Source cross-platform alternative for MS Office. We can use its capabilities to export doc and docx files to PDF. Currently, LibreOffice has no official API for .NET, therefore, we will talk directly to the soffice binary.
It is a kind of a "hacky" solution, but I think it is the solution with less amount of bugs and maintaining costs possible. Another advantage of this method is that you are not restricted to converting from doc and docx: you can convert it from every format LibreOffice support (e.g. odt, html, spreadsheet, and more).
I wrote a simple c# program that uses the soffice binary. This is just a proof-of-concept (and my first program in c#). It supports Windows out of the box and Linux only if the LibreOffice package has been installed.
I don't know if this suits your use case, as you haven't specified the size of the documents you're trying to write, but if they're < 3 pages or you can manipulate them to be less than 3 pages, it will allow you to convert them into PDFs.
After struggling for some hours, I found that the test.docx copied to bin file is only 1kb. To solve this, right click test.docx > Properties, set Copy to Output Directory to Copy always solves this problem.
For converting DOCX to PDF even with placeholders, I have created a free "Report-From-DocX-HTML-To-PDF-Converter" library with .NET CORE under the MIT license, because I was so unnerved that no simple solution existed and all the commercial solutions were super expensive. You can find it here with an extensive description and an example project:
You only need the free LibreOffice. I recommend using the LibreOffice portable edition, so it does not change anything in your server settings. Have a look, where the file "soffice.exe" (on Linux it is called differently) located, because you need it to fill the variable "locationOfLibreOfficeSoffice".
As you see, you can also convert from DOCX to HTML. Also, you can put placeholders into the Word document, which you can then "fill" with values. However, this is not in the scope of your question, but you can read about that on Github (README).
This is adding to Jeremy Thompson's very helpful answer. In addition to the word document body, I wanted the header (and footer) of the word document converted to HTML. I didn't want to modify the Open-Xml-PowerTools so I modified Main() and ParseDOCX() from Jeremy's example, and added two new functions. ParseDOCX now accepts a byte array so the original Word Docx isn't modified.
In my case, I then convert the HTML files to images (using Net-Core-Html-To-Image, also based on wkHtmlToX). I combine the header and body images together (using Magick.NET-Q16-AnyCpu), placing the header image at the top of the body image.
Here is my implementation of Shmuel H. method using LibreOffice binary on windows, maybe this could help someone out. It works pretty well, just ensure you install LibreOffice, I used the portable version ( -versions/) and copied it to my C drive. Performance wise it is not too bad, most of the time it takes is for loading LibreOffice into memory. Apparently you can have it running as a service somehow which should speed things up but I haven't been able to do so yet.
Since 2007, Microsoft began to use a file format docx, which is created by using the Office Open XML. The format is a zip-file containing the text in the form of XML, graphics and other data that can be translated into a sequence of bits using patent-protected binary formats. At first it was assumed that this format will replace the doc, but both formats are still used today.
I have well over 1000 .doc files that I need to convert to .docx files for viewing and editing from IPads. The .doc files cannot be edited and need to be converted .docx files to allow editing via IPad pen through OneDrive etc ..
That app doesn't seem to work properly. It converts the files, however when I go to open 1 of those in Word, it says that there's lost text in the document or a similar error message & I only end up displaying a blank document. I'm using Microsoft Word for Microsoft 365 MSO (Version 2302 Build 16.0.16130.20186) 64-bit & my files are just fine, so I know it's not related to Word or my files but rather that converter app you pointed out. Also that has an annoying dialog box that tells about their other solutions that pops up every single time I exit the program. Doesn't seem to be a way to turn that off, so another reason to avoid using it. (like shareware to me in that sense) I think maybe there's a better solution out there, although it may not be free. I don't have as many .doc formatted files, but there's more than I can handle by manually converting them 1 by 1. Will look into this & post a reply if I find a better solution...
Appearently online converters can manage it without any problems but Web services are not an option because the files contain sensitive data. For tests I use this Word 2007 file because it contains some important elements (formulas, vector graphics, images, lists, etc.). I tested the following tools (partly from this post):
Is there any way to convert docx files to PDF on Linux correctly? It would also help me if I knew it works for someone with any of the programs I already mentioned.I will start a bounty as soon as SE lets me.
I had to conclude that as for me, as for now, there is no reliable tool which will work with new MS Word formats and all kind of its elements on Ubuntu and create a one-to-one copy of docx files. None of tools I tested could convert the sample file properly. Since I will be facing very different kind of document versions/contents and the output quality has one of the highest priority, I will end up performing the conversions by means of VB macros in Word on a Windows server connected to my Linux.
I have tested the other methods suggested so far (especially oowriter and ebook-convert), but they pass less tests than this method. The ebook-convert method strips the margins and a part of the texts out of the document.
It seems that libreoffice and unoconv have some problems with correctly rendering the flow chart that is in the .docx file. This is probably because it was made using smart art in Microsoft Office. That is the problem. That is a bug also discussed on this thread. The textual and visual information is present in the pdf resulting from the above method as you can see (I had to select the text, though).
In short, what you are doing is really hard and there are at present no solutions that will fully satisfy you. The achilles' heel of docx2pdf conversions is the smart art. If you can live without that or if you can find a way to spot smart art and convert it somehow into an image, you can reach your goal.
If the flow charts are often very similar and depending on how good a developper you are, you could try and convert the smart art separately. You could, extract the drawing1.xml file from the .docx cluster of documents and then use natural language processing and some crazy hacks to rebuild a the smart art. For instance, you'd have to mess with this type of xml:
Or as a minimal solution you at least extract the text (?) from the file and save it in an easier way. Or if the flow-charts of your pdfs are all the same, you could write a script to change the text color and the line length in the xml itself. Then you could run doc2pdf and you'd have a file that essentially has all the right info, but maybe not the formatting. In the case of flow charts you'd probably also want to include some of the formatting, because the formatting is part of the info.
I have done some more research the past few days and I have found a service that does the conversion perfectly: zamzar. Zamzar allows you to upload a docx file and then emails you a link. They also have a (paying?) service where you can send any file to [email protected] and then get the converted file back in your inbox. You could easily build a system around this where you automatically send the file and parse it from the email. This is not so much work and it the end result is the best. 152ee80cbc
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