Download Condenser Microphone

Condenser microphones are essentially a highly specialized capacitor. For those of you without an EE degree, a capacitor is a passive electrical component that is designed to temporarily store energy in an electric field. Capacitors work by using two plates in close proximity with one another. The closer they are, the higher the capacitance - that is, the greater its ability to store an electrical charge.

In a condenser microphone, one of these plates is made of very light, usually very thin material and acts as the diaphragm. For example, the diaphragm in both the PreSonus PX-1 and PM-2 microphones is made from gold-sputtered Mylar and is only 6 microns thick (0.006 mm). The diaphragm vibrates when struck by sound waves, changing the distance between the two plates and therefore changing the capacitance. The resulting fluctuation in capacitance creates an electrical representation of the acoustic energy from the input source.

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Active circuitry is required to transform the very high impedance of a DC-polarized capsule's output to a usable low impedance; +48V phantom power is commonly used to supply current to this circuitry. Other methods include dedicated power supplies (most often seen with tube condensers) and batteries (often seen with electret condensers). All PreSonus audio interfaces and mixers can supply phantom power for condenser mics.

The diaphragm of a condenser microphone is what makes these microphones so well-known for superior sound quality, especially when picking up minute details. The low mass of a condenser microphone diaphragm allows it to vibrate with the sound waves of an input source more accurately than the heavy moving coil attached to a dynamic microphone.

Hypercardioid. Hypercardioid microphones are considered more directional than cardioid microphones because they are less sensitive at the sides of the pick-up pattern, even though they do pick up a slight amount of audio from the rear.

Many large-diaphragm microphones are designed to pick up sound from one or both sides of the mic, rather than from the end of the mic. For example, the PreSonus PX-1 is a side-address cardioid mic that primarily picks up sound from a single side.

A condenser microphone uses a thin, conductive membrane which sits in front of a static metal backplate. Incoming sound waves cause the diaphragm to vibrate, creating a difference in air pressure. The condenser mic then translates into an audio signal. To achieve this conversion, condenser microphones require phantom power.

As the preferred microphone type for professional studio setups, there are many advantages to using a condenser mic. Because of the sensitivity of the diaphragm, they are highly effective in picking up subtle, detailed sounds like ambiance or sound effects. This makes condenser mics perfect for creating high-quality audio and music files in the studio.

Condenser microphones will also provide a wider dynamic range and higher frequency response compared to a dynamic mic., This is important for recording realistic sound, and helps to produce a natural and warm tone.

Condenser microphones thrive in quieter environments, which is why the JOBY Wavo POD is the perfect companion for podcasting, interviewing, or streaming services. This large-diaphragm microphone simplifies creator workflow and makes all voices sound crisp and clear. You can even add a pop filter to further reduce unwanted noise if required.

Our top choice for a shotgun condenser microphone is the JOBY Wavo PRO. This professional level on-camera mic can be attached using a cold shoe mount and is charged via USB-C cable. It is simple and easy-to-use, whilst still delivering excellent audio quality. The front and back LEDs offer total control over sound output and battery levels, so you can manage your recordings with confidence.

If mobile streaming is more your thing, the camera and smartphone compatible JOBY Wavo is the same shotgun style, in a smaller package! Fully portable, this powerful, lightweight microphone features a wide frequency range, and delivers superior quality recording. The included foam windshield removes unwanted ambient distractions to deliver purer sound quality, whatever the ambient conditions.

Planning to record audio in any location where there is a risk of ambient noise, such as outdoors or in a large, echoing room? You should seriously consider choosing a shotgun microphone. As well as cutting out background noise, omnidirectional condenser microphones allow you to capture exceptionally high-quality audio that may not be possible with other mic types.

To find out more about JOBY condenser microphones (studio or shotgun), or other useful JOBY high-quality audio accessories, check out our socials, or head to joby.com. And above all else, remember to have fun, create!

A microphone, colloquially called a mic (/mak/),[1] is a transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal. Microphones are used in many applications such as telephones, hearing aids, public address systems for concert halls and public events, motion picture production, live and recorded audio engineering, sound recording, two-way radios, megaphones, and radio and television broadcasting. They are also used in computers and other electronic devices, such as mobile phones, for recording sounds, speech recognition, VoIP, and other purposes, such as ultrasonic sensors or knock sensors.

Several types of microphone are used today, which employ different methods to convert the air pressure variations of a sound wave to an electrical signal. The most common are the dynamic microphone, which uses a coil of wire suspended in a magnetic field; the condenser microphone, which uses the vibrating diaphragm as a capacitor plate; and the contact microphone, which uses a crystal of piezoelectric material. Microphones typically need to be connected to a preamplifier before the signal can be recorded or reproduced.

In 1856, Italian inventor Antonio Meucci developed a dynamic microphone based on the generation of electric current by moving a coil of wire to various depths in a magnetic field. This method of modulation was also the most enduring method for the technology of the telephone as well. Speaking of his device, Meucci wrote in 1857, "It consists of a vibrating diaphragm and an electrified magnet with a spiral wire that wraps around it. The vibrating diaphragm alters the current of the magnet. These alterations of current, transmitted to the other end of the wire, create analogous vibrations of the receiving diaphragm and reproduce the word."[4]

The first microphone that enabled proper voice telephony was the (loose-contact) carbon microphone. This was independently developed by David Edward Hughes in England and Emile Berliner and Thomas Edison in the US. Although Edison was awarded the first patent (after a long legal dispute) in mid-1877, Hughes had demonstrated his working device in front of many witnesses some years earlier, and most historians credit him with its invention.[6][7][8][9] The Berliner microphone found commercial success through the use by Alexander Graham Bell for his telephone and Berliner became employed by Bell.[10] The carbon microphone was critical in the development of telephony, broadcasting and the recording industries.[11] Thomas Edison refined the carbon microphone into his carbon-button transmitter of 1886.[8][12] This microphone was employed at the first radio broadcast ever, a performance at the New York Metropolitan Opera House in 1910.[13]

In 1916, E.C. Wente of Western Electric developed the next breakthrough with the first condenser microphone.[14] In 1923, the first practical moving coil microphone was built. The Marconi-Sykes magnetophone, developed by Captain H. J. Round, became the standard for BBC studios in London.[15][16] This was improved in 1930 by Alan Blumlein and Herbert Holman who released the HB1A and was the best standard of the day.[12]

Also in 1923, the ribbon microphone was introduced, another electromagnetic type, believed to have been developed by Harry F. Olson, who applied the concept used in a ribbon speaker to making a microphone.[17] Over the years these microphones were developed by several companies, most notably RCA that made large advancements in pattern control, to give the microphone directionality. With television and film technology booming there was a demand for high-fidelity microphones and greater directionality. Electro-Voice responded with their Academy Award-winning shotgun microphone in 1963.[18]

Microphones are categorized by their transducer principle, such as condenser, dynamic, etc., and by their directional characteristics. Sometimes other characteristics such as diaphragm size, intended use or orientation of the principal sound input to the principal axis (end- or side-address) of the microphone are used to describe the microphone.

Condenser microphones span the range from telephone transmitters through inexpensive karaoke microphones to high-fidelity recording microphones. They generally produce a high-quality audio signal and are now the popular choice in laboratory and recording studio applications. The inherent suitability of this technology is due to the very small mass that must be moved by the incident sound wave, unlike other microphone types that require the sound wave to do more work.

Condenser microphones require a power source, provided either via microphone inputs on equipment as phantom power or from a small battery. Power is necessary for establishing the capacitor plate voltage and is also needed to power the microphone electronics (impedance conversion in the case of electret and DC-polarized microphones, demodulation or detection in the case of RF/HF microphones). Condenser microphones are also available with two diaphragms that can be electrically connected to provide a range of polar patterns (see below), such as cardioid, omnidirectional, and figure-eight. It is also possible to vary the pattern continuously with some microphones, for example, the Rde NT2000 or CAD M179. ff782bc1db