Hanyu Pinyin is the official system to transcribe Mandarin Chinese sounds into a Latin alphabet. It was invented in 1950s, and adopted as a standard in mainland China in 1958. Pinyin is used for several purposes such as: teaching Chinese, transcribing names and places into words accessible to european language speakers, and used as an input method for typing Chinese characters.

Although ne written as nue, and le written as lue are not ambiguous, nue or lue are not correct according to the rules; ne and le should be used instead. However, some Chinese input methods support both nve/lve (typing v for tag_hash_118) and nue/lue.


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Pinyin is also not designed to transcribe Chinese language varieties other than Standard Chinese, which is based on the phonological system of Beijing Mandarin. Other romanization schemes have been devised to transcribe those other Chinese varieties, such as Jyutping for Cantonese and Peh-e-j for Hokkien.

GBK has mapped two characters '' and '' to Private Use Areas in Unicode as U+E7C7 () and U+E7C8 () respectively,[47] thus some Simplified Chinese fonts (e.g. SimSun) that adheres to GBK include both characters in the Private Use Areas, and some input methods (e.g. Sogou Pinyin) also outputs the Private Use Areas code point instead of the original character. As the superset GB 18030 changed the mappings of '' and '',[46] this has caused an issue where the input methods and font files use different encoding standards, and thus the input and output of both characters are mixed up.[45]

I am trying to have the ability to input Chinese tones directly into text editor in Ubuntu 18.04. I have installed ibus-pinyin and ibus-m17n packages but I cannot find in Region&Language input picker the hanyu pinyin input method, there is only Chinese, Chinese (Bopomofo), Chinese (Intelligent Pinyin), two WuBi variants and that's it.

If you don't need extra bells and whistles then do NOT bother with fcitx (and the supposedly excellent "google pinyin"), uim or any other exotic option! They are extremely hit-and-miss trying to install, and finding a guide that is relevant to 22.04 is almost impossible. Some claim to have "tested with 22.04" but they have done upgrades of previous versions that they had working, not fresh installs.

Hanyu pinyin, the phonetic symbols for Chinese characters, is the system to transcribe Mandarin Chinese sounds into a Latin alphabet. It was invented in 1950s, and adopted officially in mainland China in 1958. Pinyin is used for several purposes. It can help learners of Chinese (including native speakers) to read Chinese characters and/or words. It can be used to transcribe names and places into words accessible to Romanized language speakers, and it can be used as an input method for typing Chinese characters.

The U.S. international keyboard that comes with Windows makes typing some accents easy, but apparently not macrons (the bar over the "u" in "ch"). The Mori keyboard has support for those; maybe you can hot switch between the two? Someone claimed to have made a derivative of the international keyboard that permits typing the macrons as well as other accents easily, but I haven't tried it out.

You can use the Keyboard Layout Creator to create such a keyboard layout yourself. Off the top of my head I don't know a layout which enables you to type all the tones. As Bkkbrad mentioned, you can't type a macron on US International (which is what I'm using here). But modifying US International to add another dead key for macron shouldn't be too hard.

I came across the same problem today while trying to set up my Windows installation. There is a much better solution under Linux using ibus. Namely, you can set the output to traditional, simplified, or pinyin. This way you can take advantage of the built in recognition algorithms - they place the tone mark on the correct vowel, etc. It would be great if someone has a similar solution for Windows.

Tones are a pain, but extremely important. Saying a word with the wrong tone can result in some serious miscommunications since many words have the same pinyin spelling, but use different tones and have different written Chinese characters.

While there is some academic discussion whether Characters should only started to be taught after an initial phase to get the speaking up or not (both arguments have merits - I wont get involved into that here), leaving characters away until an intermediate level, will certainly results into massive problems when trying to reach an intermediate-advanced level.

Well, the main CC coursebook is like I say definitely all Pinyin-only. The purely supplementary character text meanwhile is available in both Simplified and Traditional versions, but the beauty of them (judging from the Traditional version that I have) is that whilst the actual text (i.e. the reading practice) in each is only supplied in one or the other type (depending of course on the version one chooses), the stroke order guidance in each doesn't stint on offering stroke-by-stroke diagrams for both types, and there aren't many books that do that! Plus it's all handwritten (but very very neatly, beautifully in fact!) and therefore exactly the right size for copying compared to the machine-printed fonts in most other books. But it's mainly Pinyin that you're after, and books produced in China would be much more convenient for you for sure. (If I think of or see anything else, I'll let you know pronto!). One advantage though of the three courses I've mentioned is that they are all just a single self-contained volume, as opposed to a series, so at least the expense would be a one-off for each. Another more important advantage is that the pronunciation and especially the grammar explanations will likely prove a lot better (more comprehensible and usable) than those offered in many a textbook produced in China. (But hey, if it's grammar you're after, you can probably get by with supplementing whatever mainland textbook with the likes of Yip & Rimmington's, or Ross', grammars - see here -f...post__p__237767 for a 4-page thread where I and others give our thoughts and opinions about that range and more!).


Another thing I really liked about the original CC course was that the audio was pretty realistic, not too slow like it is in many courses including TYC (though again, some learners prefer audio that takes 3 seconds or more, rather than little more than 1, to spit out basics like e.g.  w h ch). There are certainly not many courses like CC, that devote much if any time to presenting Chinese as a genuinely social language (i.e. as used between the Chinese themselves, as closer friends), so one gets more of a "fly on the wall" feel with the original CC dialogues and their audio. Here is a link to Columbia's re-recordings of the CC dialogues -programs/chinese/clp-learning-materials/clp_lm_colloquial_chinese/ , but unfortunately it's a lot slower and less lively (and therefore not nearly as good, IMHO) than the original audio; it could however still make reasonable listening comprehension, and perhaps (due to its slower speeds) provide the basis e.g. for dictation exercises into Pinyin.* The CC coursebook itself is available for limited preview on Google Books. As for Cin3Ms, there is plenty of audio available for that (4 tapes, with IIRC almost the entire first tape devoted to pronunciation), and the dialogues, whilst not as social and lively as the CC ones, are solidly functional (e.g. introductions, asking directions, prices, shopping etc). 


One last thing I thought I should mention are the dictionaries I know of that provide full Pinyin (for all example sentences in addition to head and compound entries). Here they are, arranged from more basic to more comprehensive:


- Oxford Beginner's Chinese Dictionary. The dinky vinyl-bound Oxford Chinese Minidictionary is identical except for lacking most of the appendical material. The characters in both are simplified only, i.e. no traditional are provided.

- Langenscheidt/Berlitz bilingual dictionary. Various titles. The characters are simplified only, i.e. no traditional are provided.

- Fred Fangyu Wang's venerable Mandarin Chinese Dictionary: Chinese-English, and Mandarin Chinese Dictionary: English-Chinese. Dover reprints. The characters in both are neat handwritten traditional ones only. The C-E volume is generally the more useful (the E-C one isn't really comprehensive enough), but both have an abundance of snappy Chinese examples that will be very useful for anyone wanting to learn the patterns of Chinese more as it is spoken rather than written.

- Collins Chinese Dictionary, Third Edition. Includes traditional as well as simplified forms in the entries but not however in the index (which includes and allows the look up of simplified forms only). In the entries, there are a number of unfortunate "(over)mapping" errors between the original meanings of certain forms and their later simplified uses (i.e. when being borrowed for their sound rather than their original meaning) - see the third paragraph of the following post (a detailed review I wrote of the CCD3): -f...post__p__240942 . Still a useful work though, especially for the appreciable number of examples provided.

- ABC ECCE Dictionary. Excellent coverage of tone sandhi, and of simplified and traditional character sets. (Here's the comprehensive review I wrote: -f...924#comment-237924 ).


There are a few dictionaries that I'm not familiar enough with from a Tuttle author, but I'm pretty sure they also provide full Pinyin, and coverage-wise I guess they would slot in somewhere between the Oxford and the CCD3.



*FWIW, here's my condensation of all the tone mark placement rules and algorithms down to something very short, easily remembered, and not at all technical: "The tone mark goes over the first vowel present, unless it is an i or u, in which case the mark simply moves one letter to the right i.e. to the very next vowel along. (Note that this next vowel can then be an i or u)." Hope it might be of use! e24fc04721

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