Namma Metro (meaning Our Metro in Kannada), also known as Bengaluru Metro, is a rapid transit system serving the city of Bengaluru, the capital city of the state of Karnataka, India.[7] It is the second longest operational metro network in India with an operational length of 73.75 kilometers, just behind Delhi Metro.[8][9][10] Upon its inauguration, it became the first underground metro system in South India.[11] Namma Metro has a mix of underground, at grade, and elevated stations. Out of the 66 operational metro stations of Namma Metro as of October 2023, there are 57 elevated stations, eight underground stations and one at-grade station. The system runs on standard-gauge tracks.
The State Town Planning Department had recommended looking into a mass rapid transit project, i.e. a metro for Bengaluru city way back in 1977. A high-level Committee had also agreed that a metro study was warranted and a team from Southern Railway (SR) was commissioned to do this in 1981. The Southern Railway team recommended a 2-corridor metro, 80 km (50 mi) in length in addition to commuter rail lines and a ring railway.[16]
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In 1993, the State of Karnataka established another committee to look into mass rapid transit. This committee had again recommended the same metro project put forward by SR in 1983 and the same circular railway.[16]
The state created Bangalore Mass Rapid Transit Ltd (BMRTL) in 1994, with terms of reference to seek a public/private partnership for a mass rapid transit project. The government immediately introduced a special city cess dedicated to the anticipated mass rapid transit project. BMRTL commissioned a feasibility study which came up with an elevated, LRT-based, 300 km (190 mi) long network on 6 routes. A private consortium led by United Breweries Group undertook further development of the project on BOT basis. However, the project hadn't taken off.[16]
In 2003, the Government of Karnataka commissioned the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC), which had successfully developed the Delhi Metro, to carry out a detailed preparation study for a metro in Bengaluru, to be done emulating the technical and financial aspects of the approach used in Delhi. The study recommended a 2-line metro, 60 km (37.3 mi) and 50 km (31 mi) in length, cross shaped. The middle of the cross was to be at the Central Railway Station in Bengaluru, completely underground. The economic rate-of-return was forecast at 22.3%. The financial forecast assumes a government subsidy for interest payments and some depreciation, i.e. fare revenue will cover somewhat more than direct operating costs. The Government accepted this option. BMRTL ceased to exist and was replaced by Bengaluru Metro Rail Corporation Ltd (BMRCL).[16]
Both lines in Phase-1 have tunnel sections in the city center which were the first metro tunnels built in South India.[11] Construction of underground sections in Phase 1 commenced during late 2012. The delay was due to cancellation of the initial tenders called during early 2008 as the entire DPR had to be revised and bids received were too high.[20] A second round of tendering was done in late 2009 with the gigantic Majestic inter-change station as a separate package.[21] Bids were awarded for the tunnel sections during 2011 and construction began in 2012.
The State Government accorded approval for preparation of the detailed project report (DPR) for Phase 2 by DMRC on 4 January 2011.[43] The high power committee (HPC) gave in-principle clearance to proceed with Phase 2 in July 2011. Karnataka government gave in-principle approval to Phase 2 of the Namma Metro project on 3 January 2012.[44][45] However, there were delays in DPR preparation and hence approval from Central government.[20] Phase 2 was cleared by the expenditure finance committee (EFC) in August 2013. The Union Cabinet finally announced that it had approved plans for phase-2 on 30 January 2014.[46]
The south-end of the Green Line will be extended from Yelachenahalli to Silk Institute (previously named Anjanapura) along Kanakapura Road, north-end from Nagasandra to Madavara (previously named BIEC) on Tumkur Road (NH-4). The east-end of the Purple Line will be extended from Baiyappanahalli to Whitefield and the west-end from Mysore Road to Kengeri (later extended to Challaghatta). A new, 18.82 km (11.69 mi) long, fully elevated line from RV Road to Bommasandra will be constructed, passing through Electronic City. The second new line will be 21.25 km (13.20 mi) from Kalena Agrahara (previously Gottigere) to Nagawara. The line is mostly underground (13.79 km or 8.57 mi), but also has a 6.98 km (4.34 mi) elevated section and a 0.48 km (0.30 mi) at-grade section. There are 18 stations on the line, of which 12 are underground and 6 are elevated.[38] Unlike Phase 1, all stations being built in Phase 2 will have bus bays and/or parking facilities.[52]
Pre-tunneling construction work and piling for stations began in May 2019 by L&T.[66] Tunnel boring using TBMs began in July 2020 by L&T.[67] Tunnel boring work by the other two contractors (viz. Afcons & ITD-Cem) was commenced during 2021.
Tenders for ORR Metro line (east) were called during February 2018 and IL&FS emerged the lowest bidder for all packages. However, the tenders were quashed due to cash flow problems and bankruptcy proceedings by the firm.[71] A second round of tendering was done during December 2019 and bids were received by multiple firms during March 2020.[72][73] There are two packages. The first package included 2.84 km of ramps for a flyover at Central Silk board junction in addition to 9.859 km of viaduct with six elevated stations. The second package was for 8.377 km viaduct with seven elevated stations, 1.097 km depot line and a 0.30 km pocket track.
Since Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL) forbade underground construction from the southern side of the airport (due to security as it would have to pass beneath the airport's second runway), the shortest route options (i.e. extending the Pink line from Nagawara directly north) were eliminated. An alternate route proceeding north till RK Hegde nagar and then turning west to Jakkur was then explored. However, even this had an obstacle as a high-pressure petroleum pipeline was passing through the originally proposed route.[80]
Construction of Phase 2A has been divided into two (elevated section) packages. Construction of Phase 2B has been divided into three (elevated section) packages. Airport stations have not been included with tenders as they will likely be built by Kempegowda International Airport.
A 124 km (77 mi) Phase 3 was initially proposed in May 2016.[94] Certain significant sections that were proposed for Phase 3 were included in Phase 2 as Phase 2A and Phase 2B.[95][96][97] The plans for Phase 3 were hence revised.
On 7 March 2020 it was announced that two corridors totaling 44.65 km would be built as fully elevated lines[98] under PPP mode (Kempapura-Jayaprakash Nagara 4th Ph (along ORR-West) and Hosahalli-Kadabagere).[99][100][101]
As pr latest updates, the much-anticipated third phase of the Bengaluru Metro project, spanning approximately 44.65 km from JP Nagar to Kadabagere, is slated to kick off by the end of 2024. With the central government's approval pending, the state government has already given its consent, marking a significant step forward in the project's realization. [102][103]
The Government of Tamil Nadu had sought an extension of the Yellow line from Bommasandra to Hosur Railway Station, located in Hosur, a city near the Karnataka-Tamil Nadu border. The Karnataka Government has advised the Tamil Nadu Government to conduct a feasibility study at its own cost.
Purple Line is aligned east to southwest in Namma Metro and connects Whitefield (Kadugodi) in the east with Challaghatta in the southwest. The line is 43.45 km (27.00 mi) long and has 37 stations. It is elevated on both the east and west sides and has a 4.8 km (3.0 mi) underground section in the middle. The Line passes through prime activity centers of the city (Whitefield, ITPL, Krishnarajapura, MG Road, Majestic, Railway Station, Vidhana Soudha, Mysuru Road, Kengeri).
The first 6.7-kilometre (4.2 mi), 6-station stretch (Reach 1) of the Purple Line between Baiyappanahalli in the east and Mahatma Gandhi Road opened on 20 October 2011.[116] This was the first and inaugural section of Namma Metro.[117] The second 6.4-kilometre (4.0 mi), 6-station stretch (Reach 2) between Mysore Road and Magadi Road opened on 16 November 2015.[118] The underground section, a 4.8 km (3.0 mi) stretch from Cubbon Park to Bengaluru City (KSR) Railway Station opened on 29 April 2016, thus linking east and west sections that were already opened. Opening the underground section completed the entire Purple Line in Phase-1.
Under Phase-2, Southwest extension of 7.5 km (4.7 mi) opened on 30 August 2021. The eastern extension of 15.2 km (9.4 mi) to Whitefield was under construction. 13.7 km (8.5 mi) of the eastern extension was opened for service on 26 March 2023 but remained disconnected from the network as a small section was not yet ready (Baiyyappanhalli-KR Puram). On 9 October 2023, Baiyyappanhalli-KR Pura and Kengeri-Challaghatta were also open to the public making the whole line operational from Whitefield to Challaghatta.[119] It connects the industrial and suburban areas of south-west with the CBD (MG Road, Trinity) and the IT areas of the east (Baiyappanahalli, Whitefield).[120]
The Green Line is aligned north to south and connects Nagasandra in the north-west to Silk Institute in the south-west, covering a distance of 30.4 kilometres (18.9 mi)[37] and has 30 stations.[122] It is elevated on both north and south sides and has a 4.0 km (2.5 mi) underground section in the middle. The Line passes through industrial areas (Peenya, Yeshwanthapur) in the north and also through commercial hubs (Majestic, Chikpete, City Market) and connects large residential catchments in the south (Basavanagudi, Jayanagar, Banashankari, Thalaghattapura etc.). It is currently being expanded under Phase-2. 152ee80cbc
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