For about 15 minutes, participants listened to white noise interspersed with short periods of silence and with the sounds of a hungry infant crying. The patterns of their brain activity were recorded by a technique known as functional magnetic resonance imaging.

What you should probably do is look at a lot of spectorgrams of babies crying, and look for patterns. Or, even better, let your algorithm do this. What you do is calculate certain metrics about your sound called MFCCs.

You do this on, say, 1000 samples of crying sound, and then you have a 1000 vectors of metrics.


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What it sounds like: At first, a hungry baby's cries are long, low-pitched, and repetitive, broken up by long pauses. As your baby gets hungrier, their cries will gradually build up, getting longer and louder with shorter pauses.

What it means: Fussiness can happen because your baby's tired or uncomfortable. They may have a dirty diaper, feel too hot or cold, or be over- or under-stimulated. Fussing is especially common during the baby "witching hour," which usually occurs in the late afternoon or early evening.

Also, try to observe your baby and when they tend to get upset. Is it at a certain time of day, after feeding, in loud and noisy places? Sometimes you can spot trends. For example, you may notice that your baby usually cries during and after feeding, which may point to reflux.

What it means: Pain-related crying may be linked to a specific cause, such as an ear infection (in which case your baby will usually rub at the affected ear), gas, or a blistering diaper rash.

What it sounds like: If your baby has colic, listen for painful cries that begin suddenly, usually around the same time of day, and continue for hours. Your baby might sound miserable and distressed and stiffen their legs and arms, clench their fists, and arch their back.

The cause of colic is unknown. It may be related to an underdeveloped digestive system, overfeeding, underfeeding, or not enough burping (or a combination of these or other factors). Know that gas in babies is extremely common and can cause discomfort that aggravates colic. But while babies who are colicky are often also gassy, your baby can be gassy without having colic.

What to do: If you think your baby has colic, there's not a lot you can do except comfort your baby and wait for the pain to pass. For babies who tend to get gassy, be sure to burp them after every feeding. You can also determine whether your baby's distress may be caused by a cow's milk protein allergy (if so, you can consider switching formulas or changing your breastfeeding diet). The good news is, colic improves significantly in most babies when they're about 3 to 4 months old.

Some researchers have theorized that babies have a mini library of sounds they use to communicate their needs before they cry. One of the best-known of these theories is the Dunstan Baby LanguageOpens a new window, which proposes a set of "words" that all babies under 3 months old use to express their needs before they start crying. This theory isn't scientifically proven, but has gained traction.

While it might feel hard in the beginning, understanding your baby's cries will get much easier as you get to know your baby and their daily routines and needs. You don't have to study various sounds and cries to figure your little one out.

If you want to take out the guesswork, researchers have developed apps that promise to decode your baby's cries for you. One free app (released by researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles) compares a baby's crying to a database of more than 20,000 baby sounds. The app promises to predict whether your baby is hungry, tired, or in pain with roughly 90 percent accuracy.

One of the hardest things about having a baby who has colic or just cries a lot is not knowing how to soothe them and make the crying stop. If your baby's crying for no reason (or at least no reason that you can figure out), try offering a pacifier, wearing them in a carrier or sling, swaddling them, taking a walk together, or playing white noise.

If none of these strategies helps, it's perfectly normal to feel frustrated and upset. Most parents reach a breaking point when caring for an inconsolable baby. Take care of yourself, too. This may mean placing your baby in a safe space (like on their back, in their crib) for 10 minutes and going into another room to do something that calms you, such as listening to music or practicing deep breathing.

Taking a break is crucial if you become overwhelmed and feel like you're losing control. Never shake or strike your baby: Doing so can result in brain damage or even death. Call a friend or relative for help. You can also try the National Parent HelplineOpens a new window at 1-855-427-2736, or, if you're concerned about your child's safety, 1-800-4-A-CHILD (1-800-422-4453).

American Academy of Pediatrics. 2017. Is Your Baby Hungry or Full? Responsive Feeding Explained. -stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/Is-Your-Baby-Hungry-or-Full-Responsive-Feeding-Explained.aspxOpens a new window [Accessed October 2022]

Your job as a caregiver is to figure out why the baby is crying. Then you can decide what, if anything, you can do to calm the baby. And don't worry about spoiling your baby with too much attention. You can't.

So react quickly when your baby is crying. There are times when you can help, and there will be times when the only thing you can do is be there for your baby. While it's hard to hear your baby's cries, don't take them as a failure of caregiving.

In time you might be able to figure out your baby's needs by the sound of the cry. For example, newborns often let out a hungry cry right after they wake up. It could quickly turn into an angry wail if they have to wait long to be fed. Also, a cry of pain might sound panicked or shrieking. Noticing patterns like these can help you respond to the cries with whatever your baby needs.

It's OK to let your baby cry if the baby doesn't seem sick and you've tried everything to soothe your baby. You can try to leave your baby alone in a safe place, such as a crib, for about 10 to 15 minutes. Many babies need to cry before they can fall asleep. And they'll nod off faster if you leave them to cry.

Colic can involve crying that lasts for three or more hours a day on three or more days of the week. Some experts say colic lasts at least three weeks. Colic affects healthy babies. But the crying might seem like a cry of pain, and it may begin for no clear reason. The crying often happens around the same time each day or night.

It's natural for the crying to make you feel tired and stressed though. Some new caregivers find that their emotions change often during the first month. Call your health care provider if you feel severely sad or if you feel sad for more than a few weeks.

Try to make a little time each day to do things that relax you. The more relaxed you are, the easier it will be to calm your baby. Infants can sense tension in adults, and they may react by crying. If you get angry or panicked, it might make your baby cry harder.

If your baby's crying causes you to feel like you are losing control, put the baby in the crib and go to another room. Take a 10- to 15-minute break to try to calm yourself down. Some things you can do to ease stress are:

They then set up speakers at CrocoParc in Agadir, Morocco, an outdoor facility with numerous ponds where some 300 Nile crocs are free to roam the grounds. After the park had closed for the day, the various primate sounds were played to groups of crocs, who are known to have excellent hearing.

Led by researchers at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, the study explored a centuries-old observation in humans and other mammals that when a baby begins a feeding session, its cries alone can prompt its mother to release breast milk. Studies dating back decades have shown that such calls for food, and not suckling itself, prompts the largest oxytocin surges. However, the mechanisms behind and purpose for this wail-to-milk pipeline had until now remained unclear.

Crying continues to be a baby's main way to communicate, and lets parents know that they need something. They also may still have fussy periods, or cry when overwhelmed by all the sights and sounds of the world.

Babies are discovering their ability to make sounds: Soon you'll have a cooing and gurgling machine! Your baby will "talk" to you with a variety of sounds. Some babies begin to make some vowel sounds (like "ah-ah" or "ooh-ooh") during this time.

These first tears are the signals that his body emits. Without response to these signals, the crying becomes real cries of alarm and, from an unfulfilled need arises a frustration that turns into emotion.

In a situation of intense crying, it is important that the adult is present. You teach Baby to recognise the emotion that runs through him by naming it. Your recognition, your listening, your physical proximity, your availability and your attitude soothes him.

As babies develop more ways to express themselves, crying while asleep may be a sign that they are having a nightmare or night terror. Toddlers and older babies who cry while asleep, especially while moving in bed or making other sounds, may be having night terrors.

Breastfed babies who nurse in their sleep may find comfort from nursing. Caregivers should decide whether or not the baby is likely to awaken from nursing and assess whether they are willing to risk waking the baby.

Although we do not yet know when nightmares start, a caregiver who thinks that they hear their baby having a nightmare can soothe them by talking calmly to them or rubbing their back. Babies who are still breastfed may also find comfort from nursing.

If a baby wakes up after having had a nightmare, comfort them and follow a soothing sleep ritual to get them back to sleep. Older babies and toddlers may need reassurance that the nightmare was not real. 17dc91bb1f

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