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Wind design of roof systems is one of the more complicated things that an architect deals with during the design of a building. And with the latest version of ASCE 7, "Minimum Design Loads For Buildings and Other Structures" (ASCE 7), it has become that much more challenging for roof system designers and roofing contractors. Different editions of building codes exist, and therefore, different versions of ASCE 7 are being used in different parts of the country. The three versions that are currently in use are ASCE 7-05, 7-10, and 7-16, with the "-xx" representing the year of publication.

The location of the building within the United States tells us two things which must be determined in specific order. The location directs us to the specific version of the IBC or the applicable building code that is in effect for the project. For example, if the 2006 or 2009 IBC is in effect, then ASCE 7-05 governs. If the 2012 or 2015 IBC is in effect, then ASCE 7-10 governs. If the 2018 IBC is in effect, then ASCE 7-16 governs.

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The use and occupancy of a building is used to determine the "Occupancy Category" in ASCE 7-05 or "Risk Category" in ASCE 7-10 and ASCE 7-16. They are effectively interchangeable terms, however, they are addressed differently. ASCE 7-05 uses Occupancy Category to determine the value to use for the Importance Factor. In ASCE 7-05, Importance Factor is a stand-alone factor in the velocity pressure calculations, and why there is one map in ASCE 7-05. ASCE 7-10 and 7-16 incorporates Risk Category (i.e., importance factor) into the wind speed maps, and that is why there are 3 maps in ASCE 7-10, and 4 maps in ASCE 7-16. In general, the greater the importance of a building, the higher the Importance Factor or Risk Category which results in higher uplift pressures.

This factor essentially relates to the possibility that a building will become internally pressurized during a wind event. For ASCE 7-05 and ASCE 7-10, there are three classification types: Open, Partially Enclosed, and Enclosed. ASCE 7-16 amended these classification types by adding another type called, "Partially Open" and also revised some of the definitions. The ASCE 7-16 classification types are Open buildings, Partially Open, Partially Enclosed, and Enclosed buildings.

Eventually, we will all use ASCE 7-16 as the basis for determining design wind loads for our roofs. To that end, we will need to understand what has remained the same, what is changed, and what has been added to the latest version of ASCE 7.

Simply put, for the contiguous U.S., ASCE 7-05 has one wind speed map and it is based on Allowable Stress Design. ASCE 7-10 has three wind maps, based on Risk Category I, Risk Category II, and Risk Categories III and IV, and they are based on Strength Design. ASCE 7-16 has four wind speed maps, one for each Risk Category and they are also based on Strength Design.

Note: This blog is not going to try to explain the difference between ASD and Strength Design loads. It's a hardy structural engineering discussion! However, the appropriateness of using ASD values with roofing systems and the adjustment of the Strength Design to ASD values are addressed in the 2018 IBC and in ASCE 7-16.

ASCE 7-05 and ASCE 7-10 have three roof zones: field, perimeter and corner, see Figure 2. The dimensions of the zones are mostly determined by a building's length and width. ASCE 7-16 added another zone and it presents the potential to have four roof zones: interior, field, perimeter and corner, see Figure 3. ASCE 7-16 also revised how the dimensions of the zones are sized; it is based on a building's height. Figure 4 shows possible roof-zone configurations based on ASCE 7-16.

As covered previously, ASCE 7-05 and ASCE 7-10 have three classification types: Open, Partially Enclosed, and Enclosed, while ASCE 7-16 added Partially Open and slightly modified the definitions. These classifications determine the values to use for the Internal Pressure Coefficient, GCpi. These are shown in Figure 5.

This three-part webinar series discusses how to use the wind load provisions of ASCE 7-16 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. The series will cover the basics of wind engineering including the atmospheric and aerodynamic effects of wind on buildings. The changes recently adopted for use in ASCE 7-16 will be a prominent part of the material. The changes include revised wind speed maps, changes in external pressure coefficients for roof components and cladding and the addition of pressure coefficients to use for roof mounted solar arrays.

This webinar is being offered early in the outreach process for ASCE 7-16 to give engineers a chance to get familiar with the new provisions long before their local community adopts a building code that requires the use of these new provisions. Engineers may want to practice the use of these new provisions to determine the real effects on designs and on client requirements. Other engineering tools such as computer software will not likely be available yet.

The level of instruction is appropriate for engineers just learning the specific wind provisions of ASCE 7-16 and how to apply those provisions to design situations. The primary audience is structural engineers who have some experience at performing designs for buildings and other structures but have not had much experience with wind design.

The new ASCE 7-16 Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures (Standard) is adopted into the 2018 International Building Code (IBC) and is now hitting your desks. The 2018 IBC and the referenced Standard are being adopted by a few jurisdictions and will become more widely used in 2019. Thus starts the time when practicing engineers learn the new provisions of the Standard and how they apply to their practices. To help in this process, changes to the wind load provisions of ASCE 7-16 that will affect much of the profession focusing on building design are highlighted.

The component and cladding pressure coefficients, (GCp), for roofs on buildings with an h < 60 feet, have been revised significantly in ASCE 7-16. The new roof pressure coefficients are based on data from recent wind tunnel tests and then correlated with the results from full-scale tests performed at Texas Tech University. The full-scale tests indicated that the turbulence observed in the wind tunnel studies from the 1970s, that many of the current roof pressure coefficients were based on, was too low. Also, the technology available to measure the results of these wind tunnel tests has advanced significantly since the 1970s. Therefore, the new wind tunnel studies used flow simulations that better matched those found in the full-scale tests along with improved data collection devices; these tests yielded increased roof pressures occurring on the roofs. Thus, the roof pressure coefficients have been modified to more accurately depict roof wind pressures.

ASCE 7-16 contains significant changes from ASCE 7-10 in the areas of seismic design, wind design, snow design, and more. A brand new chapter on design against tsunami loads has been added. Several of the seismic chapters have been extensively rewritten. Since ASCE 7 eventually becomes law through adoption by the International Building Code (IBC) and then through adoption of the IBC by legal building codes of local jurisdictions, a practicing engineer has no choice but to keep up with these changes. The changes are also of interest to the code enforcement community, academics, advanced-level students, and others.

ASCE 7-16 is scheduled to be released in early January 2017. Barring unforeseen circumstances, it will be the referenced standard for design loads and seismic design provisions in the 2018 IBC. ASCE 7-16 will thus acquire the force of law within a city, county, or state whenever that legal entity adopts the 2018 IBC as the basis of its building code. Thus practicing engineers and code enforcement personnel have no choice but to keep up with changes in the ASCE 7 standard.

I'm a structural engineering student in his last semester taking my capstone and as part of the project I need to find some stuff in ASCE 7-16, but from what I can tell I'd have to pay way too much money for it. Is there some where I could find a copy of it for free?

I began a project in v21, but upgraded mid-project to v22 update 2 (which is alleged to have the ASCE 7-16/IBC 2018 wind and seismic values). Also, in full disclosure, this is my first time using STAAD so I'm watching tutorials and teaching myself.

The issue is that when I go to either the Wind Definition or the Seismic Definition, the latest version of ASCE 7 available is IBC 2015/ASCE 7-10. Do I need to re-create my project starting in v22 to be able to choose the IBC 2018/ASCE 7-16 values?

The Wind loading as per ASCE 7-16 has only been implemented in STAAD.Pro CONNECT Edition update 5 ( 22.05.00.131). Although the seismic load generation as per IBC 2018/ASCE 7-16 was implemented in 22.02. but I would highly recommend that you install the latest version 22.05.00.131 and it should have everything you are looking for. The version of the software you used at the start of the project would not matter in this case and you do not need to recreate anything.

Answer Verified By: Sam Leimer CancelVote Up+1Vote DownSign in to replyVerify AnswerReject AnswerCancel0OfflineSam LeimerWed, Dec 9 2020 9:39 AMin reply to SyeThank you Sye, although I'm failing to see IBC 2018/ASCE 7-16 in the drop down list under seismic definition.

In our last and rather long blog post, we discussed how Supplement No. 1 to ASCE 7-16 made an important correction to Table 11.4-2, Long-Period Site Coefficient, Fv. We also discussed how that correction introduced a new problem. In this blog post, we would like to say a few more things on the latter item because, as a result of that, we are continually receiving emails from designers who, under certain circumstances, are now receiving some very confusing output from various online tools that provide mapped and design ground motion parameters as well as the Seismic Design Category (SDC) of a structure. ff782bc1db