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Performance-enhancing chemicals address the process chemistry side of manufacturing, ensuring that each stage runs smoothly. Defoamers and dispersants tackle practical issues such as foaming and clumping in the pulping vats, while cleaning and descaling treatments ensure water quality meets the required standards.

Determining the correct quantities and combinations of additives is a complex matter. Each grade of paper undergoes its own separate optimisation process and the precise recipes used by each mill are kept closely guarded secrets.

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The Institute for Paper Chemistry was graduate institute for training paper chemists, organized by Lawrence but financed by the paper industry. The Institute had its own Board of Trustees and operated its own budget. Lawrence awarded Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degrees to graduates of the Institute. The Institute transferred its operations from Appleton to Atlanta, Georgia in 1989, where it currently exists as the Renewable Bioproducts Institute at Georgia Tech.

Samuel Plantz, then president of Lawrence University, recommended the creation of a committee within the Board of Trustees to consider adding classes to the curriculum in paper chemistry to be paid for by the paper mills in the area based on a similar program at the University of Maine.

Thanks to the work of Henry Wriston, president of Lawrence 1925-1937, the Institute of Paper Chemistry was founded as a partnership between Lawrence College (now Lawrence University) and the paper industry to promote research and innovation in the industry- one which was heavily centered in Appleton. The Lawrentian summarized the goals of the institute from a letter sent to President Herbert Hoover by Wriston:

Dr. Wriston pointed out that the purposes of the Institute are threefold : first, to develop technically trained chemists who will be available for the particular needs of the paper industry; second, to establish a comprehensive library and information service for the advantage of the paper industry; and finally, to promote and carry forward research both for individual corporations and for the group as a whole.

World War II impacted the Institute as it did every industry and school. As paper resources became scarce the IPC engaged in many projects to support the war effort. The most unique of these projects was the design for a house to be constructed of reclaimed waste paper and intended to temporarily house refugees. A house was constructed on campus using the design and stood there until it was dismantled in 1952.

Stemming from a grant from the Environmental Protection Agency, a large focus was place on researching the environmental impacts of the paper production process including the presence of mercury and PCBs in wastewater from production plants.

Across the United States, a focus on energy was shifting the research focus to reducing energy consumption in industrial settings. Research at the IPC focused on reducing energy consumption throughout paper production plants.

In order to continue to grow and adapt to the changing field of pulp and paper, the IPC decided to partner with Georgia Institute of Technology and relocate to Atlanta, Georgia. The move also saw a name change to Institute of Paper Science and Technology. It is now named the Renewable Bioproducts Institute.

The scope of Green Chemistry is based on, but not limited to, the definition proposed by Anastas and Warner (Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, P T Anastas and J C Warner, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998). Green chemistry is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products.

The journal publishes original and significant cutting-edge research that is likely to be of wide general appeal. To be published, work must present a significant advance in green chemistry. Papers must contain a comparison with existing methods and demonstrate advantages over those methods before publication can be considered. For more information please see this Editorial.

Green chemistry is, by definition, a continuously-evolving frontier. Therefore, the inclusion of a particular material or technology does not, of itself, guarantee that a paper is suitable for the journal. To be suitable, the novel advance should have the potential for reduced environmental impact relative to the state of the art. Green Chemistry does not normally deal with research associated with 'end-of-pipe' or remediation issues.

Occasionally the Editors may decide to publish something outside the defined scope of the journal if the work would be of interest to the green chemistry community and/or have the potential to shape the field.

One of the main requirements for papers to be published in Green Chemistry is to clearly demonstrate a green advance over the incumbent technology or approach. Past Editorial Board Chair, Philip Jessop (Queen's University, Canada), has put together two short videos to explain what this concept really means and how to incorporate it into your own work.

This video explains that the green advance requirement at Green Chemistry is a benchmarking requirement. Benchmarking experiments run throughout science and that they need not be labour-intensive. Your paper must contain a comparison of your new method to the current best method available and describe the advantages and disadvantages.

These must report preliminary research findings that are highly original, of immediate interest and are likely to have a high impact on the green chemistry community. Communications are given priority treatment, are fast-tracked through the publication process and appear prominently at the front of the journal in a dedicated Communications section.

The key aim of Communications is to present innovative chemical concepts with important implications. Authors should provide at the time of submission a short paragraph explaining why their work justifies urgent publication as a Communication. Ideally, a Full paper in Green Chemistry should follow each Communication.

These must represent a significant development in the particular field and are judged according to originality, quality of scientific content and contribution to existing knowledge. Although there is no page limit for Full papers, appropriateness of length to content of new science will taken into consideration.

These must be a critical evaluation of the existing state of knowledge on a particular facet of green chemistry; however, original work may be included. Simple literature surveys will not be accepted for publication. Potential review writers should contact the editor before embarking on their work.

Tutorial reviews are a type of review that provide an essential introduction to a particular area of green chemistry. The article should have particular appeal to younger researchers and established researchers seeking new fields to explore. Tutorial reviews should not contain unpublished data.

For new derivatives comprising modified monomers, the usual organic chemistry analytical requirements for the novel monomer must be provided (see Organic compounds section above). however, it is not necessary to provide this level of characterisation for the oligonucleotide into which the novel monomer is incorporated.

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, B & C cover high quality studies across all fields of materials chemistry. The journals focus on those theoretical or experimental studies that report new understanding, applications, properties and synthesis of materials. The journals have a strong history of publishing quality reports of interest to interdisciplinary communities and providing an efficient and rigorous service through peer review and publication. The journals are led by an international team of Editors-in-Chief and Associate Editors who are all active researchers in their fields.

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, B & C are separated by the intended application of the material studied. Broadly, applications in energy and sustainability are of interest to Journal of Materials Chemistry A, applications in biology and medicine are of interest to Journal of Materials Chemistry B, and applications in optical, magnetic and electronic devices are of interest to Journal of Materials Chemistry C. More than one Journal of Materials Chemistry journal may be suitable for certain fields and researchers are encouraged to submit their paper to the journal that they feel best fits for their particular article.

This Lectureship recognises early career researchers, typically within 10 years of attaining their PhD or equivalent degree OR within the first five years of their independent career, who have made significant contributions to the field of materials chemistry.

This Lectureship recognises early career researchers, typically within 10 years of attaining their PhD or equivalent degree, who have made significant contributions to the field of materials chemistry in their independent academic career.

Reviews should report a detailed, balanced and authoritative current account of the existing state of knowledge on a particular facet of materials chemistry research for energy and sustainability. Simple literature surveys will not be accepted for publication. Reviews should not contain unpublished original research.

Perspectives are short readable articles covering current areas of interest. They may take the form of personal accounts of research or a critical analysis of activity in a specialist area. By their nature they will not be comprehensive reviews of a field of materials chemistry. Some new unpublished research may be included.

Examination of nature's favorite molecules reveals a striking preference for making carbon-heteroatom bonds over carbon-carbon bonds-surely no surprise given that carbon dioxide is nature's starting material and that most reactions are performed in water. Nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides are condensation polymers of small subunits stitched together by carbon-heteroatom bonds. Even the 35 or so building blocks from which these crucial molecules are made each contain, at most, six contiguous C-C bonds, except for the three aromatic amino acids. Taking our cue from nature's approach, we address here the development of a set of powerful, highly reliable, and selective reactions for the rapid synthesis of useful new compounds and combinatorial libraries through heteroatom links (C-X-C), an approach we call "click chemistry". Click chemistry is at once defined, enabled, and constrained by a handful of nearly perfect "spring-loaded" reactions. The stringent criteria for a process to earn click chemistry status are described along with examples of the molecular frameworks that are easily made using this spartan, but powerful, synthetic strategy. ff782bc1db