Aim of this study was to find out suitable mixing ratio of food waste and rice husk for their co-digestion in order to overcome VFA accumulation in digestion of food waste alone. Four mixing ratios of food waste and rice husk with C/N ratios of 20, 25, 30 and 35 were subjected to a lab scale anaerobic batch experiment under mesophilic conditions. Highest specific biogas yield of 584L/kgVS was obtained from feedstock with C/N ratio of 20. Biogas yield decreased with decrease in food waste proportion. Further, fresh cow dung was used as inoculum to investigate optimum S/I ratio with the selected feedstock. In experiment 2, feedstock with C/N ratio 20 was subjected to anaerobic digestion at five S/I ratios of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0. Specific biogas yield of 557L/kgVS was obtained at S/I ratio of 0.25. However, VFA accumulation occurred at higher S/I ratios due to higher organic loadings.

Good workability at construction site is most important aspect of self-compacting concrete. But long delivery times can cause slump loss, which is more pronounced when mineral additives are incorporated into the concrete system. The aim of this paper is to study the effects of prolonged mixing on the flowability and slump retention under action of a high-performance polycarboxylic (PEC)-based superplasticizer used in self-compacting paste systems (SCPs) incorporating various secondary raw materials (SRMs). Experimentation for this research paper was focused on mixing times and slump retention of SCPs incorporating ASTM Class F fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF) and locally available marble powder (MP). While experimenting with SCPs, total mixing time was first restricted to 3 min of mixing to achieve the target flow of 301 cm, which was then prolonged to total mixing time of 10 and 20 min keeping the superplasticizer content constant, which showed a more enhanced flow with reduced timing due to better activation of superplasticizer, or enhanced workability but showed some traces of bleeding in the formulations containing MP. The samples were thereafter prepared for strength measurement as per EN-196. Parameters like flow response, strength and microstructures were studied by varying two basic factors in progression: shear time and hold time. Hydration kinetics were also affected by prolonged mixing, and it also decreased the initial and final setting time. FA showed better rheological behaviour upon extended mixing regimes as compared to SF or any other SRMs.


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We analytically investigate the Fano-type optical response and the four-wave mixing (FWM) process by exploiting the magnetoelasticity of a ferromagnetic material. The deformation of the ferromagnetic material plays the role of mechanical displacement, which is simultaneously coupled to both optical and magnon modes. We report that the magnetostrictively induced displacement leads to realization of Fano profiles in the output field and is effectively well-tuned through adjusting the system parameters, such as effective magnomechanical coupling, magnon detuning, and cavity detuning. It is found that the magnetoelastic interaction also gives rise to the FWM phenomenon. The number of the FWM signals mainly depends upon the effective magnomechanical coupling and the magnon detuning. Moreover, the FWM spectrum exhibits suppressive behavior upon increasing (decreasing) the magnon (cavity) decay rate. The present scheme will open new perspectives in highly sensitive detection and quantum information processing. 006ab0faaa

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