Research & Discoveries

Mass and Energy are not separate. 

Conceptual Chain :

Mass density➡️Energy Density➡️Pressure➡️Forces of Pressure➡️Curvature via Stress-Energy Tensor➡️Spacetime Curvature➡️Geodesic Motion➡️Pressure waves 

🌟 Light as an Electromagnetic Wave vs. Curvature Wave (PPC View)

Light has fascinated scientists for centuries. Modern physics describes light in two powerful ways: as an electromagnetic wave and, in the PPC (Pawan Upadhyay's Pressure–Curvature) Law of Gravity, as a phenomenon whose motion is governed by pressure-generated spacetime curvature.

These two views are not contradictory—they describe different aspects of the same reality.

🔌 1. Light as an Electromagnetic (EM) Wave

The electromagnetic nature of light was discovered by James Clerk Maxwell.

Key ideas:

Light consists of oscillating electric (E) and magnetic (B) fields

The fields are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of motion

Light does not require a medium

It travels through vacuum at a constant speed:

c = 299,792,458 m/s

What this explains:

Reflection, refraction, interference

Polarization

Radio waves, microwaves, visible light, X-rays, gamma rays

Communication technologies (radio, Wi-Fi, satellites)

👉 Conclusion:

Light is an electromagnetic wave in its internal structure and propagation.

🌌 2. Light as a Curvature-Guided Wave (PPC View)

The PPC Law of Gravity adds a gravitational interpretation.

In PPC:

Mass–energy creates gravitational pressure

Pressure creates spacetime curvature

Curvature determines the paths (geodesics) of matter and light

PPC insight:

 Light is not gravity itself, but its motion is guided by curvature produced by gravitational pressure.

Thus, light behaves like a curvature-guided wave in gravitational fields.

🧠 Important Clarification (Very Important)

🔹 Light itself is NOT a curvature wave

🔹 Light does NOT create curvature in the PPC sense

🔹 Light remains an electromagnetic wave

Instead:

Curvature acts on light, not the other way around.

So in PPC:

EM theory explains what light is

PPC gravity explains how gravity affects light

🔄 3. How the Two Views Work Together

EM View:

Describes the nature of light

Explains how light propagates

Governed by Maxwell’s equations

PPC Curvature View:

Describes the environment light travels through

Explains bending, delay, redshift

Governed by pressure-generated curvature

🌠 4. Light Bending: The Perfect Example

EM theory alone:

Cannot explain why light bends near massive objects.

GR:

Says spacetime is curved.

PPC:

Explains why spacetime is curved:

Gravitational pressure bends spacetime, and light follows that curvature.

Thus, light appears to bend—not because it slows down locally—but because the geometry shaped by pressure changes its path.

⏱️ 5. Speed of Light in Both Views

Locally, the speed of light is always c

Gravity does not slow light directly

Apparent slowing is due to:

Time dilation

Curvature of spacetime

Pressure gradients (PPC interpretation)

Both EM theory and PPC fully respect this principle.

✨ Final Understanding

Light is an electromagnetic wave by nature

Light behaves like a curvature-guided wave in gravity

PPC gravity does not replace electromagnetism

PPC explains the gravitational environment in which EM waves travel

Final statement:

Light is electromagnetic in essence, and curvature-guided in motion.

PPC gravity explains the curvature; Maxwell explains the wave.

My ORCID iD: 

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9077-5924

(My ORCID Profile)

Time Dilation, Wormholes, and Entropy in the PPC Law of Gravity

The PPC Law of Gravity identifies gravitational pressure—generated by energy density—as the primary cause of curvature. Because curvature controls time flow, motion, geometry, and information structure, PPC offers a natural and physically intuitive way to understand:

1. Time Dilation

2. Wormholes

3. Entropy and information flow

Each phenomenon emerges directly from the behavior of gravitational pressure fields.

1. Time Dilation in PPC Gravity

1.1 Cause of Time Dilation in PPC

In General Relativity, time dilation arises from spacetime curvature.

In PPC, curvature arises from pressure.

Thus:

Time slows down where gravitational pressure is higher.

Higher energy density → higher pressure → stronger curvature → slower local time.

This provides a physical mechanism, not just a geometric statement.

1.2 Types of Time Dilation in PPC

A. Gravitational Time Dilation

Occurs because pressure alters spacetime curvature:

P_g = E_d

A higher pressure field slows the flow of proper time.

Thus:

Near neutron stars (high pressure): time moves significantly slower.

Near black holes (extreme pressure): time nearly stops.

In empty space (low pressure): time moves fastest.

B. Velocity Time Dilation (Special Relativity within PPC)

Motion through a pressure-defined curvature modifies proper time.

PPC interpretation:

Moving objects experience time dilation because they interact differently with the pressure-defined geometry.

C. Rotational Time Dilation

Inside rotating systems (planets, stars):

inward pressure forces

outward inertial effects

affect time asymmetrically.

Thus:

Equatorial regions (higher rotational inertia) experience slightly altered time compared to poles.

1.3 Key PPC Prediction

Two systems with equal mass but different internal pressures should produce different gravitational time dilation signatures.

This is unique to PPC.

2. Wormholes in the PPC Law of Gravity

Wormholes are shortcuts created by extreme curvature of spacetime.

In PPC, curvature is caused by pressure, so the existence and stability of wormholes depend on pressure fields, not exotic negative energy.

2.1 What Creates a Wormhole in PPC?

A wormhole requires:

1. A region of extremely high gravitational pressure

2. A pressure gradient configuration that bends spacetime into two connected sheets

Wormholes form when:

pressure is extremely concentrated,

curvature becomes multi-valued,

geodesics reconnect into tunnels.

Thus PPC provides the first physical mechanism that explains what bends spacetime enough to create a wormhole:

Wormholes are pressure-induced curvature tunnels formed by extreme compression of spacetime.

2.2 Do Wormholes Require Negative Energy? (PPC answer: No)

Standard GR requires exotic negative energy to stabilize wormholes.

But PPC offers a new interpretation:

If pressure can curve spacetime positively or negatively depending on distribution,

Then stability can arise from pressure gradients, not exotic matter.

PPC Prediction:

High-pressure curvature configurations can mimic the effect of negative energy without violating physical laws.

This offers a path to physically viable wormholes.

2.3 Pressure Waves and Wormhole Stability

PPC predicts:

pressure waves inside a wormhole could destabilize or strengthen the connection

high-frequency gravitational pressure waves may “open” or “close” throat regions

This provides a new theoretical basis for wormhole dynamics.

3. Entropy in PPC Gravity

Entropy in PPC is not purely statistical.

It is directly tied to pressure information structure.

Because pressure determines curvature, PPC redefines entropy in gravitational systems as:

Entropy is the measure of information and complexity stored in the pressure configuration of spacetime.

3.1 Entropy–Pressure Relationship

High-pressure systems (stars, black holes):

contain more curvature

encode more gravitational information

have higher entropy

Low-pressure systems (empty space):

contain less curvature

have lower entropy

This is consistent with Bekenstein–Hawking entropy, but PPC provides the physical reason:

Black holes have maximal entropy because they have maximal pressure curvature.

3.2 Entropy and Cosmic Expansion

As the universe expands:

gravitational pressure drops

curvature weakens

entropy spreads but becomes less concentrated

PPC interpretation:

Cosmic expansion is the redistribution of pressure information, causing entropy to increase overall.

This connects thermodynamics and gravity through pressure fields.

3.3 Entropy Flow Through Wormholes

If wormholes are pressure tunnels:

entropy can flow through them

pressure differences drive “information transfer”

wormholes act as entropy equalizers

This predicts that wormholes must have entropy gradients depending on pressure structure.

4. Unified View: Pressure Controls Time, Space, and Entropy

PPC connects three major concepts:

1. Time dilation → controlled by pressure

2. Wormholes → created by extreme pressure curvature

3. Entropy → encoded in pressure information

Therefore:

Pressure is the fundamental physical quantity that shapes time, curvature, wormholes, motion, and entropy.

This gives gravity a unified physical interpretation, unlike standard GR which treats these as unrelated phenomena.

5. PPC Predictions Involving Time, Wormholes, and Entropy

✔ High-pressure stars should show stronger time dilation than GR predicts.

✔ Wormhole-like curvature may appear in extreme pressure regions (supernova cores, neutron star mergers).

✔ Entropy in black holes is proportional to pressure-induced curvature, not only area.

✔ Time dilation anomalies should correlate with pressure—not mass—distributions.

✔ Pressure waves could modulate wormhole stability or structure.

These predictions can be used for future observational or theoretical tests.

Role of Surface Force in PPC Gravity

1. Pressure–curvature waves emitted by massive bodies have the strongest dynamical effects on nearby small bodies, weaker effects on medium-mass bodies, and negligible effects on very massive bodies.

2. In PPC gravity, pressure–curvature waves generated by massive bodies do not alter the propagation speed of pressure waves, but they can influence the motion and pressure distribution of nearby smaller bodies, thereby modifying the amplitude, phase, and emission characteristics of the pressure waves produced by those smaller bodies.

🌌 Extraterrestrials and PPC Gravity: A Pressure–Curvature Perspective

The question of extraterrestrial life—life beyond Earth—has fascinated humanity for centuries. Modern astronomy has revealed billions of galaxies, each containing billions of stars and potentially habitable planets. While biology determines how life forms, physics determines where life can exist.

In this context, Pawan Upadhyay’s Pressure–Curvature Law of Gravity (PPC Law) offers a new way to think about the cosmic environments in which extraterrestrial life may arise.

🌍 Life and Gravity: Why Gravity Matters

Life as we understand it requires:

Stable planetary orbits

Long-lived stars

Moderate energy flow

Predictable passage of time

All of these depend fundamentally on gravity.

If gravity were unstable or chaotic, complex structures—and therefore life—could not persist.

The PPC Law interprets gravity as arising from pressure generated by mass–energy, with curvature emerging as the geometric outcome. This provides a physical explanation for why stable cosmic structures exist at all.

🌠 Galaxies as Life-Friendly Pressure Systems

In the PPC framework:

Galaxies are large-scale pressure–curvature structures

Pressure gradients bind stars into stable rotating systems

Long-term galactic stability allows planetary systems to evolve over billions of years

Since the same pressure–curvature dynamics operate everywhere, other galaxies may host environments similar to our own, making extraterrestrial life physically plausible.

🪐 Planets, Pressure, and Habitability

On smaller scales:

Planets form within pressure-governed stellar systems

Moderate gravitational pressure supports stable atmospheres

Pressure-controlled time flow ensures consistent biological evolution

Extremely high pressure (near black holes) or extremely low pressure (in deep cosmic voids) would likely be hostile to life. However, intermediate pressure regions, like those around Sun-like stars, are ideal.

🧠 Time, Pressure, and Biological Evolution

In PPC gravity:

Higher pressure slows time

Lower pressure speeds up time

Life requires:

A steady and predictable rate of time

Stable chemical and biological processes

Planets located in moderate pressure environments experience stable time flow, enabling complex evolution. This suggests that extraterrestrial civilizations—if they exist—would most likely arise in regions similar to our own gravitational environment.

🌌 Extraterrestrials in a Multiverse (PPC View)

The PPC Law also allows for a multiverse, where:

Universes form through weakening pressure and curvature

Each universe evolves independently

Each universe has its own time evolution

In such a framework, extraterrestrial life is not limited to our universe alone. Other universes could contain:

Different pressure histories

Different physical conditions

Alternative pathways for life

This does not imply contact or communication, but it broadens the scope of where life might exist.

🔭 Does PPC Gravity Predict Extraterrestrials?

Importantly:

PPC gravity does not claim proof of extraterrestrial life

It does not require extraterrestrials for validation

Instead, it states:

If life arises from stable physical conditions, then PPC gravity naturally allows such conditions to exist widely across galaxies and possibly across multiple universes.

This is a possibility framework, not a biological claim.

🧪 Science, Caution, and Evidence

Like all serious scientific approaches:

PPC gravity remains open to experimental verification

Extraterrestrial life remains an observational question

Astronomy, astrobiology, and SETI are required for evidence

Physics can explain where life could exist, but only observation can confirm whether it does.

✨ Final Thoughts

The PPC Law of Gravity provides a physically intuitive foundation for cosmic structure, time flow, and stability. Within this framework, extraterrestrial life is neither exotic nor surprising—it is a natural possibility arising from universal pressure–curvature dynamics.

Where pressure creates stable curvature, time flows predictably—and life may find a place to emerge.

E_d ➡️ P_g➡️Curvature➡️Motion

 My Greatest Discoveries in Physics :-

Mass-energy produces pressure, and the pressure creates curvature.

Pressure is the physical cause behind geometry.

This gives gravity a mechanical interpretation, something physicists have desired since Einstein.

This alone makes PPC a profound insight.

⭐ My discovery unifies multiple ideas under one principle

My PPC Law unifies:

✔ Gravity

✔ Pressure

✔ Curvature

✔ Time dilation

✔ Wormholes

✔ Entropy

 ✔ Centripetal–centrifugal forces,Field Force and Surface Force

✔ Cosmic expansion

✔ Microgravity

✔ Pressure waves (gravitational waves)

✔ Black holes, Multiverse, Galaxies and Planetary bindings

All through the same mechanism:

E_d ➡️ P_g ➡️ Curvature ➡️ Motion

Very few theories unify so many concepts so simply.

                        Research 4

Resurrection of Body, Resurrection of Spirit and Reincarnation

Resurrection of Spirit is called Reincarnation. 

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Independent Scientist and Interdisciplinary Researcher

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