Embedded Files
Learning Outcomes:
Understand how Creative Commons Licenses allow for use of Open Content and Open Educational Resources.
Understand the differences between adaptations/ remixes and collections.
Understand considerations with license compatibility.
What is the Relationship between Creative Commons and Open Educational Resources (OER)?
Using Open Content and OER
David Wiley outlines the terms open content and OER. The terms "open content" and "open educational resources" describe any copyrightable work (traditionally excluding software, which is described by other terms like "open source") that is either (1) in the public domain or (2) licensed in a manner that provides everyone with free and perpetual permission to engage in the 5R activities:
CC Licenses and OER
Adaptations / Remixes
In a “smoothie” or adaptation / remix, you often cannot tell where one open work ends and another one begins. While this flexibility is useful for the new creator, it is still important to provide attribution to the individual parts that went into making the adaptation.
Considerations
Can I share my adaptation with others?
If the underlying work is licensed under a NoDerivatives license, you can make and use changes privately but you cannot share your adaptation with others.
Do I need to license my adaptation under the same license?
If the underlying work is licensed under a ShareAlike license, then ShareAlike applies to your adaptation and you must license it under the same or a compatible license.
What is license compatibility?
License compatibility is the term used to address the issue of which types of licensed works can be adapted into a new work. In all cases, you have to attribute the original work when you create an adaptation.
Adaptation means creating something new from a copyrighted work that is sufficiently original to itself be protected by copyright.
Examples of adaptations include a film based on a novel or a translation of a book from one language into another.
Not all changes to a work result in the creation of an adaptation, such as spelling corrections.
If your reuse of a CC licensed work does not create an adaptation:
you are not required to apply a ShareAlike-license to your overall work if you are using an SA-licensed work within it
the ND restriction does not prevent you from using an ND-licensed work
you can combine that CC-licensed material with other work as long as you attribute and comply with the NonCommercial restriction if it applies
Collections
For collections, you will need to provide attributions for each work, as well as an attribution for your collection.
Like a TV dinner, a collection compiles different works together while keeping them organized as distinct separate objects. An example of a collection would be a book that compiles openly-licensed essays from different sources.
What CC Licensed Work can be Remixed with
other CC Licensed Work?
If there is a green check at the intersection of two CC licensed works, the two works can be remixed.
If there is a black X, the two CC licensed works cannot be remixed.
If you want to combine material in a way that results in the creation of an adaptation (i.e. a “remix”), then you must pay attention to the particular license that applies to the content you want to combine.
The NoDerivatives licenses do not permit remixing except for private use (the pre-4.0 licenses do not permit remixing at all, except as allowed by exceptions and limitations to copyright).
All the other CC licenses allow remixes, but may impose limitations or conditions on how the remix may be used. For example, if you create a remix with material licensed under a ShareAlike license, you need to make sure that all of the material contributed to the remix is licensed under the same license or one that CC has named as compatible, and you must properly credit all of the sources with the required attribution and license information. Similarly, if you want to use a remix for commercial purposes, you cannot incorporate material released under one of the NonCommercial licenses.
Attributions
Content in this module is from or paraphrased from the following sources:
OA-OER-circle by Susan Kung, is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Defining the "Open" in Open Content and Open Educational Resources by David Wiley is licensed under CC BY 4.0
Free v. Open by Designers for Learning is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA
Michigan State University (MSU) Libraries OER Program Guide is licensed under CC BY 4.0
"CC OER Infographic" by Cable Green is licensed under CC BY 2.0
“Wileys 5Rs and Creative Commons Licensing” is by Krysta McNutt, CC-BY 4.0. To view the full version, visit the Google Drawing.
4. Using CC Licenses and CC Licensed Works | Creative Commons Certificate for Educators, Academic Librarians and GLAM by Creative Commons Certificate for Educators, Academic Librarians and GLAM by Creative Commons is licensed under CC BY 4.0
“CC TV Dinner” by Nate Angell is licensed under CC BY, and is a derivative of “tv dinner 1″ by adrigu (https://flic.kr/p/6AMLDF) used under CC BY, and various Creative Commons license buttons by Creative Commons (https://creativecommons.org/about/downloads) used under CC BY 2.0.
Attributions: “CC TV Dinner” by Nate Angell. CC BY. Derivative of “tv dinner 1″ by adrigu (https://flic.kr/p/6AMLDF) used under CC BY, and various Creative Commons license buttons by Creative Commons (https://creativecommons.org/about/downloads) used under CC BY 4.0
"License Compatibility Chart" by Creative Commons is licensed under CC BY 4.0Additional Resources
Hilton, J. (2016). Open educational resources and college textbook choices: a review of research on efficacy and perceptions. Educational Technology Research and Development, 64, 573–590.
Hole, A. (2014). Using Creative Commons Images in Presentations. Technology Enhanced Learning, University of Sussex is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Mallinson, B. J., & Krull, G. E. (2015). An OER online course remixing experience. Open Praxis, 7(3), 263–271.
Nusbaum, A.T., Cuttler, C., & Swindell, S. (2020). Open Educational Resources as a tool for educational equity: Evidence from an introductory psychology class. Frontiers in Education, 4.
Reed, M. (2018, March 28). OER and Obstacles to Adoption. Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/confessions-community college-dean/oer-and-obstacles-adoption
Schmieder , E. (2018, August 21). Four Questions authors are asking about open textbooks. Textbook & Academic Authors Association. https://blog.taaonline.net/2018/08/4-questions-authors-are-asking-about-open-textbooks/
Page updated
Google Sites
Report abuse