Research and Publications
Research and Publications
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My research area lies in the field of Ion Beam Physics, Surface and interface science, Atomic Force Microscopy, Adhesion property, Wettability study, and nanoplastic etc.
In more specifically, my research focuses on nanoscale surface engineering, ion beam induced material modification, and the investigation of surface and interfacial properties at the micro- and nanoscale. During my PhD, I worked extensively on ion beam induced modification of semiconductor and functional surfaces, with particular emphasis on the formation of self-organized nanostructures through controlled ion irradiation. This research involved understanding how ion energy, fluence, incidence angle, and ion species influence surface morphology, structural and chemical properties, and the evolution of nanoscale patterns. Such ion beam based approaches provide a versatile route for tailoring surface properties without conventional lithography and have potential applications in nanotechnology, functional coatings, sensing, photonics, and surface engineering.
In the recent years, I expanded this work toward nanoscale adhesion, friction, and contact mechanics using atomic force microscopy (AFM). A major part of my current research investigates the interfacial interactions of nanoplastic particles with environmentally relevant surfaces under different conditions, including ambient, liquid, and controlled environments. Using colloidal-probe and force-spectroscopy based AFM techniques, I study adhesion, friction, interfacial shear strength, contact mechanics, and the influence of particle chemistry, size, surface structure, and surrounding medium. In parallel, I investigate adhesion and friction on ion beam patterned and atomically smooth surfaces to understand how nanoscale morphology, surface chemistry, contact size, and crystallographic orientation govern interfacial forces. My broader research goal is to combine ion beam surface modification with advanced AFM-based nanomechanical characterization to develop surfaces with controllable adhesion, friction, wettability, and other functional properties.
Publications
24. Dipak Bhowmik, Sergej Fatikow, Waldemar Klauser, "Nanoscale adhesion and friction behavior of individual nanoplastic particles under varying environmental conditions ", Nano Research, 2026, 19, 94908470 . (Link)
23. Dipak Bhowmik, "Morphological Evolution of Silicon Surfaces Nanopatterned by Focused Ion Beam Irradiation", Scientific Reports 16 (2026) 4308. (Link).
22. Joy Mukherjee, Dipak Bhowmik, Sudip Bhowmick, Paramita Patra, “Investigation of Vacancy Formation in Muscovite Mica by Different Projectile Ions” RECENT TRENDS IN APPLIED PHYSICS AND MATERIAL SCIENCE Edition: 1st , Publisher: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, London, Oct 2025. (Link)
21. D. Bhowmik and S. Fatikow, "Probing Primary and Mechanically Degraded Nanoplastic Particles via Atomic Force Microscopy," 2025 International Conference on Manipulation, Automation and Robotics at Small Scales (MARSS), West Lafayette, IN, USA, 2025, pp. 1-6. (Link)
20. Joy Mukherjee, Dipak Bhowmik, Sudip Bhowmick, Prasanta Karmakar, Sudeep Bhattacharjee, "Low energy ion-beam mediated tailoring of structural, optical, and electrical properties of ITO films "Surfaces and Interfaces 59 (2025) 105973. (Link)
19. Dipak Bhowmik, Joy Mukherjee, Prasanta Karmakar, "Band Gap Engineering and Nanopatterning of Muscovite Mica by Low-Energy Ion Beams Applicable for Futuristic Microelectronics" (Book Chapter of Smart Materials for Science and Engineering ), 03 May, 2024. (Wiley Publishers) (Link)
18. Dipak Bhowmik , Joy Mukherjee, Prasanta Karmakar , Sudeep Bhattacharjee, "Oxidation dynamics of Cu thin film on Si surface by mass analyzed O+ ion implantation and study their electrical and optical properties ", Thin Solid Films 787 (2023) 140144 . (Link)
17. Joy Mukherjee, Sudip Bhowmick, Sabyasachi Karmakar, Dipak Bhowmik, Biswarup Satpati, Satyajit Hazra, Prasanta Karmakar, "Alteration and interrogation of ultra-thin layer of silicon by reactive molecular ion implantation ", Applied Surface Science 637 (2023) 157837. (Link)
16. Joy Mukherjee, Madhavi H Dalsaniya, Sudip Bhowmick, Dipak Bhowmik, Prafulla Kumar Jha and Prasanta Karmakar, "Band gap engineering of the top layer of mica by organized defect formation", Surfaces and Interfaces 33 (2022) 102283. (Link)
15. Dipak Bhowmik and Sudeep Bhattacharjee, "Optical, structural, and electrical properties of modified indium-tin-oxide (ITO) film on glass surface by low energy ion implantation", Applied Physics A 128, 605 (2022). (Link)
14. Joy Mukherjee, Dipak Bhowmik, Gourab Bhattacharyya, Biswarup Satpati and Prasanta Karmakar, “Spatially varying chemical phase formation on silicon nano ripple by low energy mixed ions bombardment” Journal of Physics Condensed Matter 34 (2022) 135001 . (Link)
13. Joy Mukherjee, Dipak Bhowmik, and Prasanta Karmakar, “Investigation on Chemical Instability & Optical Absorption of Ion Bombarded Si Surfaces” AIP Conference Proceedings 2369 (2021) 020038. (Link)
12. Dipak Bhowmik , Sudeep Bhattacharjee, "Optical band gap tailoring of muscovite mica via monolayer modification by ultra-low energy ion beam sputtering" Physica B: Physics of Condensed Matter 623 (2021) 413377 . (Link)
11. Dipak Bhowmik, Joy Mukherjee, and Prasanta Karmakar, "Projectile mass dependent nano patterning and optical band gap tailoring of muscovite mica" Radiation Physics and Chemistry 187 (2021) 109568. (Link)
10. Dipak Bhowmik, and Joy Mukherjee, "Study of low energy ion beam induced sputtering parameters of muscovite mica [KAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2] using Monte Carlo simulation" Material Today: Proceedings 47 (2021) 1515–1519. (Link)
9. Joy Mukherjee, Dipak Bhowmik, Manabendra Mukherjee, Biswarup Satpati, and Prasanta Karmakar, “Alternating silicon oxy-nitride and silicon oxide stripe formation by nitric oxide (NO+) ion implantation”, Journal of Applied Physics 127, 145302 (2020). (Link)
8. Dipak Bhowmik and Prasanta Karmakar, “Tuning wettability of Si surface by ion beam induced silicon nitride formation and nanopatterning” Surface & Coatings Technology 385 (2020) 125369. (Link)
7. Dipak Bhowmik and Prasanta Karmakar, Tailoring and investigation of surface chemical nature of virgin and ion beam modified muscovite mica. Surf. Interface Anal. 51 (2019) 667–673. (Link)
6. Dipak Bhowmik, Manabendra Mukherjee and Prasanta Karmakar. “Presence of reactive impurities in Ar+ ion beam plays a key role for Si ripple formation”, Nuclear Inst, and Methods in Physics Research B 444 (2019) 54–61. (Link)
5. Dipak Bhowmik, Debasree Chowdhury and Prasanta Karmakar, “Dynamic scaling behavior of mica ripples produced by low energy Ar+ ion erosion” Surface Science 679 (2019) 86. (Link)
4. Dipak Bhowmik, Prasanta Karmakar, “Enhancement of optical absorption of Si (100) surfaces by low energy N+ ion beam irradiation” AIP Conference Proceedings 1953, 100071 (2018). (Link)
3. Dipak Bhowmik, Prasanta Karmakar, “Physicochemical variation of mica surface by low energy ion beam irradiation” Nuclear Inst, and Methods in Physics Research B 422 (2018) 41–46. (Link)
2. D. Bhowmik, S. Bhattacharjee, D. Lavanyakumar, V. Naik, B. Satpati, and P. Karmakar, “Synthesis of nano-patterned and Nickel Silicide embedded amorphous Si thin layer by ion implantation for higher efficiency solar devices”, Applied Surface Science 422(2017) 11-16. (Link)
1. D. Bhowmik, P. Karmakar, “Energy dependent ripple growth on Si (100) by N + ion beam irradiation”, AIP Conference Proceedings 1832, 080019 (2017). (Link)
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