Welcome to the Dikir Barat Digital Exhibition

Dikir Barat is a traditional Malaysian performing art that combines singing, poetry, and rhythmic movements. It reflects the community spirit of the Malay people and often includes witty social commentary.

History of Dikir Barat

Dikir Barat originated from the east coast state of Kelantan, Malaysia, and has been deeply rooted in the Malay community's traditions for generations. It was initially performed informally in village settings, particularly during social gatherings and festive occasions such as weddings, harvest celebrations, and local ceremonies. The performance served not only as entertainment but also as a medium to foster unity, share wisdom, and convey social messages among villagers.

Over time, Dikir Barat evolved from these humble beginnings into a more structured and organized form of performance. With the establishment of formal competitions and state-sponsored events, it gained popularity across Malaysia, spreading beyond Kelantan to other states such as Terengganu, Pahang, and even parts of southern Thailand where Malay culture is prevalent.

One of the unique characteristics of Dikir Barat is its combination of music, poetry, and satire. The art form features two main roles: the Tukang Karut (lead singer who improvises verses) and the Awok-Awok (chorus group providing rhythmic clapping and singing). Through witty lyrics and clever wordplay, Dikir Barat performers address themes such as leadership, morality, daily life struggles, and even political issues, making it a powerful form of social commentary.

Today, Dikir Barat continues to thrive not only in rural settings but also on television, radio, and digital platforms, ensuring that this vibrant cultural heritage remains relevant and appreciated by the younger generation. It is regarded as one of Malaysia's national treasures and an important symbol of the country’s rich cultural diversity.

Figures of Dikir Barat

Seman bin Hussin, affectionately known as Pak Seman Wau Bulan, is a legendary figure in Malaysia’s traditional music scene, especially in the state of Kelantan. He is best remembered as the original composer of the famous folk song "Wau Bulan", a melody that has become an enduring symbol of Kelantanese culture and Malaysian heritage.

The song "Wau Bulan", written by Pak Seman, beautifully describes the grace and majesty of the traditional Kelantanese kite called the "Wau Bulan" (Moon Kite), which is often seen soaring in the skies of rural Malaysia. The lyrics evoke peaceful village life and celebrate the intricate craftsmanship and beauty of the Wau, a cultural icon that represents pride and identity among the Kelantanese people.

Halim Yazid is one of the most famous Dikir Barat artists in Malaysia, especially in Kelantan. His humorous and clever compositions have made Dikir Barat entertaining for all generations. One of his most iconic and memorable songs is “Anok Tupai” (The Baby Squirrel).

The song “Anok Tupai” tells the story of a small squirrel, jumping from tree to tree, learning how to survive in the forest. Through this simple yet meaningful tale, Halim Yazid cleverly reflects on human life — portraying how people, like young squirrels, must learn, explore, make mistakes, and grow stronger.

The song is well-loved not only for its catchy rhythm and witty lyrics but also for its hidden life lessons about hard work, family responsibility, and the importance of being careful and wise in making choices. Many Kelantanese and Malaysian listeners appreciate this song because it uses animals to represent human characteristics, a unique style that Halim Yazid is famous for.

Dikir Barat Tools

Rebana Ubi is a large traditional Malay drum commonly used in cultural performances such as Dikir Barat, weddings, and ceremonial processions. The drum is made from carved wood and animal skin, producing a deep, resonant sound that can be heard from afar.

🥁 Rebana Ibu and Rebana Anak – The Traditional Drum Duo

In traditional Malay musical performances such as Dikir Barat and other cultural events, two types of Rebana drums are often used: Rebana Ibu (Mother Drum) and Rebana Anak (Child Drum).

1️⃣ Rebana Ibu (Mother Drum)

The Rebana Ibu is the larger of the two drums. It produces a deep, resonant, and powerful sound that forms the foundation of the rhythm. Its role is to maintain the main beat or tempo throughout the performance, guiding the other instruments and performers to stay in sync. The deep booming sound of the Rebana Ibu is meant to fill the space and energize the atmosphere, making it essential in creating the dramatic presence of the show.

2️⃣ Rebana Anak (Child Drum)

The Rebana Anak is smaller in size and produces a higher-pitched, sharper sound. Its purpose is to add decorative rhythms and musical embellishments that complement the Rebana Ibu. While the Mother Drum sets the main beat, the Child Drum creates syncopation, accentuations, and intricate rhythmic patterns, giving life and variation to the performance.

🥁 Gong – Traditional Malay Musical Instrument

The Gong is a traditional Malay percussion instrument made of metal. It produces a deep, resonant sound when struck with a mallet. In Dikir Barat performances, the Gong serves an important role in marking the start or end of musical sections and signaling changes in tempo or rhythm.

Its loud, vibrating tone helps to create a dramatic and ceremonial atmosphere, adding depth and richness to the overall musical arrangement.

🥁 Canang – Small Gong Instrument

The Canang is a small metallic percussion instrument commonly used in traditional Malay music ensembles. It has a high-pitched, clear, and sharp sound when struck with a stick or mallet.

In performances like Dikir Barat, Wayang Kulit, and Zapin, the Canang is used to create rhythmic patterns, providing accents that complement larger instruments such as the Rebana and Gong. Its repetitive, bright tone adds excitement and energy to the music, making the overall performance more lively and engaging.

🥁 Kerincing (Kerci) – Hand Percussion Instrument

The Kerincing or Kerci is a small hand percussion instrument made of metal, similar to small cymbals or jingles. When shaken or struck, it produces a bright, rattling sound that adds a rhythmic sparkle to traditional Malay music performances.

In Dikir Barat, Kerincing is used to enhance the overall rhythm by providing high-pitched, shimmering sounds that accompany the main beat set by the Rebana and Gong. Its lively tone brings energy and excitement, making the performance more dynamic and vibrant.

Thank you for visiting the Dikir Barat Digital Exhibition.

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