CEFR

CEFR

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment (CEFR) aims to provide a theoretical as well as practical basis for developing foreign language teaching curricula, materials, and methods of assessment (Arikan, 2015). The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is defined as an international guideline describing language competence of English language users at different levels (Council of Europe, 2018). CEFR views language as a tool for social, educational, and career success. Therefore, its emphasis is on describing what learners can achieve at different proficiency levels by introducing the ‘can do’ statements. These statements identify the language ability that learners at each level should demonstrate in the area of spoken and written reception, interaction, and production. The main goal of the framework is to provide a standard or international benchmark for language assessment and language proficiency. The CEFR scales are divided into six levels of language proficiency: A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2 (Kaowiwattanakul, 2021). The CEFR “provides a common basis for the elaboration of language syllabuses, curriculum guidelines, examinations, textbooks, etc. across Europe. It describes in a comprehensive way what language learners have to learn to do in order to use a language for communication and what knowledge and skills they have to develop so as to be able to act effectively (Negishi, 2011).