Dictionary Ya English To Kiswahili Download

In 2015, Oxford Dictionaries launched a new digital global languages program, with a mission to extend learning and education worldwide. The company launched its first online Swahili dictionary by the Oxford University Press.

In a video message delivered Wednesday at the launch of its online Swahili dictionary, Oxford Dictionaries director Judy Pearsall said one reason for putting together the Swahili versions is to help connect cultures across Africa.

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"One of the things we grapple with, with printed books and the printed version of the dictionary, is that you need a few years to get a new edition, but an online dictionary gives us a unique opportunity of updating new words that come after they have been vetted," he said.

KIU is an online bilingual Swahili-Italian dictionary with about 6000 entries aimed primarily at Italian L1 Swahili learners and which has been developed at the University of Naples 'L'Orientale'.

The project was started in 2003 by M. Toscano and developed with the collaboration of language experts and young researchers until 2009 with the aim of offering online lexical resources from Swahili to Italian for learners of the language. After a long interruption, the work was resumed in 2019 by the authors of this article in cooperation with M. Toscano and a team of expert IT technicians. The current work consists of the development ex novo of the dictionary software, which had become obsolete, along with a redesign of some lexicographic features.

In this report we will show how the upgraded version of the dictionary software has been implemented, with relevant learner-oriented features, by taking into consideration the standard lexicographic characteristics of Swahili-Italian bilingual dictionaries. This dictionary represents a valuable support for L2 learners and is the only on-line Swahili-Italian dictionary expressly built for university students and Italian users at large.

After independence was gained by East African states, Swahili lexicography continued to grow in a context of development of Swahili in a wide geo-cultural area and in multiple contexts of language use. In Tanzania this was especially so. There, the language became the dominant medium of communication in the public sector (basic education, administration, courts, national assembly, media etc.) thanks to the commitment of experts from the National Swahili Council (Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa, BAKITA) and the Institute of Swahili at the University of Dar es Salaam (Taasisi ya Uchunguzi wa Kiswahili2, TUKI). These institutions, besides producing general dictionaries, monolingual and bilingual (SWA-ENG and ENG-SWA), created and disseminated terminologies for many domains of language use, such as law, science, and IT (Sewangi 2007; Aiello and Toscano 2017). Bilingual dictionaries were also produced over the years in countries where Swahili is taught at university level (such as France, Germany, Russia, etc.).3 Throughout the history of Swahili lexicography, most new dictionaries were based on their predecessors. From the 2000s, however, innovative corpus-based dictionaries also started to appear (Wjtowicz 2016: 402), such as the Swahili-Finnish dictionary (Abdulla et al. 2002) and the Swahili-Polish dictionary by Wjtowicz (2003), which is available also online (see Wjtowicz and Baski 2012 for more details).

Since the 1990s, indeed, several bilingual electronic dictionaries for Swahili L2 learners have been developed, the majority of them targeting English speakers. A community-based SWA-ENG online dictionary was started in 1994 at Yale University under the name of Internet Living Swahili Dictionary, later run by the association Kamusi Project International with the aim of incorporating other languages (www.kamusi.org). The SWA-ENG and ENG-SWA dictionaries produced by TUKI in print form are also accessible online as basic databases listing the entries by alphabetical order via the links -dictionary. com/swahili-english and -dictionary.com/english-swahili respectively. The TshwaneDJe Swahili-English Dictionary ( dictionary/swahili/) is a corpus-driven dictionary of Swahili, downloadable upon purchase. It is based on web-based corpus data, with over 16,000 entries and phrases and over 36,000 translation equivalents. Presently, the most popular SWA-ENG / ENG-SWA dictionary available for free online is the Glosbe - Swahili-English dictionary ( ) which is part of the Glosbe multilingual dictionary (6000 languages) created by a Polish team and which offers translations created by users or automatically generated on the basis of a database of translated examples.

All these numerous lexicographical works, both printed and online, can be used by the students of Swahili L2 of the University of Naples 'L'Orientale' (henceforth UniOr), who can find many bilingual dictionaries in our library and have free Wi-Fi access to the Internet. Many Italian students, though, find it difficult to use a bilingual dictionary which is not in their native language for their exercises (drills, comprehension tests, translations, oral production, etc.), especially during the first years of their studies when they do not have a perfect mastery of English or other foreign languages. Also, advanced students of Swahili have a great need of resources in Italian as the translation of literary texts and other specialist writings (for instance essays or newspaper articles on politics) is one of the focusses of the teaching of Swahili at UniOr. This is the way it has been since the teaching was established in 1969 by E. Bertoncini Zbkov, an internationally renowned scholar of Swahili language and literature, whose educational activity was closely connected with research on the Swahili lexicon, resulting in the production of lists of words and vocabularies. This huge work has remained largely unpublished, apart from a small vocabulary (Vocabolario swahili-italiano e italiano-swahili, Opera Universitaria I.U.O., Naples 1977), which is now out of print.

Concerning bilingual lexicographical works aimed at Italian learners, three dictionaries have been published so far. These are Vittorio Merlo Pick's Vocabolario kiswahili-italiano e italiano-kiswahili (EMI, Turin 1961, re-edited in 1978, currently out of print), Maddalena Toscano's pocket-size Dizionario swahili. Swahili-italiano, italiano-swahili (Vallardi, Milan 2004) and Gianluigi Martini's Dizionario swahili. Swahili-italiano, italiano-swahili (Hoepli, Milan 2016). Furthermore, a terminological work, namely a Swahili-Italian linguistic glossary by Rosanna Tramutoli (Kamusi ya isimu Kiswahili-Kiitaliano, TUKI, Dar es Salaam 2018), was published by the University Press of the Institute of Swahili at the University of Dar es Salaam within the sphere of a longstanding cooperation agreement with UniOr. All these works for Italian speakers are, however, in print format and only partly available in the library of UniOr. With regard to online resources for Italian learners of Swahili, the following dictionaries are those available on the web:

(2) Online Swahili Italian Dictionary ( -italian-online-dictionary.php) (also IT-SW), which provides automatic translations through English and seems to be even less reliable, as we see in fig. 3 where yako (see the explanation above) has been wrongly translated into Italian as 'il vostro' (your/yours, second-person plural possessive referring to a masculine noun in the singular form).

The development of an online lexicographical resource for Italian learners (UWAZO) was started at the beginning of the 2000s by M. Toscano in a context of renewal of the courses of Swahili at UniOr and was encouraged by the introduction of new digital technologies, which have revolutionised the teaching of foreign languages. The Swahili-Italian online dictionary UWAZO was based on T.E.I. guidelines5 and was developed at UniOr between 2003 and 2009.

The old software used for UWAZO had become obsolete and so in order to meet the increasing need of updated digital learning resources for Swahili students, especially beginners, updated lexicographic software, namely KIU (Kiswahili-Italiano UniOr), has been designed. This work was done from 2020 to 2022 by a team of experts on the basis of the lexicographical indications received by the authors of the present article, in collaboration with M. Toscano. The dictionary project aimed to create updated software that would be developed in accordance with recent lexicographic practices.

The Swahili-Italian dictionary is designed primarily as a didactic tool for Swahili students, but at the same time it is suitable for a wider audience, including people working for Italian NGOs, staff of cultural associations and institutions, embassy staff, tourists, businessmen and anyone interested in Swahili language and culture. While there are very few lexical resources available for Italian L1 Swahili students, this online dictionary will serve as a language-learning support and supplement other teaching materials and paper-dictionaries used in class. The dictionary KIU will be published online on a dedicated website linked to the UniOr website,6 and will be accessible for free to university students and the general public.

The website of the lexicographic project, apart from being a dictionary interface, contains an introduction, information on the language, a dictionary user guide, a grammatical sketch, and information on how to quote the lexicographic work. The interface of KIU will be accessible through a general webpage which will include a description of the lexicographic research project, academic publications of the lexicographic team, information about the software, and all contacts and credits of the subjects and institutions involved in the project.7

Unlike printed dictionaries, it will be possible to search KIU without limitations, and it is easy to maintain and expand. The database contains about 6,000 headwords. Most of them were selected from a Swahili frequency list (Bertoncini Zbkov 1973) and from various other sources, e.g. Merlo-Pick 1961 and Toscano 2004 (see par. 1 about other Swahili-Italian dictionaries). The sources also include the lexicon used in the teaching materials of Swahili courses by prof. E. Bertoncini Zbkov. Moreover, beside complete sets of inflected forms, closed sets of words such as days of the week, months, and general lexicon, the dictionary also contains some specific vocabulary collected by students and researchers who worked on chosen sets they found useful in their studies like body parts or immigration. 2351a5e196