🧠 ADHD Explained

ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) affects attention, focus, impulse control, and energy levels. It is a brain-based condition, not a lack of effort, intelligence, or motivation.

ADHD can look different in children and adults, and many people aren’t diagnosed until later in life.

❓ What ADHD Is 

ADHD involves differences in how the brain manages attention, organization, and self-control.

It may show up as:

• Difficulty sustaining focus
  
  

• Trouble starting or finishing tasks
  
  

• Acting or speaking impulsively
  
  

• Feeling mentally restless
  
  

Some people have mainly attention-related symptoms, others have more hyperactivity or impulsivity, and many have a combination.

⚠️ Common Signs and Symptoms 

Attention-related symptoms may include:

• Easily distracted
  
  

• Difficulty following through on tasks
  
  

• Forgetfulness or misplacing things
  
  

• Trouble organizing time or priorities
  
  

Hyperactivity or impulsivity may include:

• Feeling restless or fidgety
  
  

• Talking or interrupting frequently
  
  

• Acting quickly without thinking
  
  

• Difficulty waiting or slowing down
  
  

Not everyone experiences ADHD the same way.

🧠 What’s Happening in the Brain 

ADHD is linked to differences in brain networks that manage attention, planning, and impulse control.

This may involve:

• Brain chemicals related to focus and motivation
  
  

• Reduced regulation in attention and executive-function networks
  
  

• Differences in how the brain processes rewards
  
  

These differences affect how the brain filters information and manages tasks.

🩺 How ADHD Is Evaluated 

ADHD is evaluated through:

• Detailed history of symptoms over time
  
  

• Questionnaires or rating scales
  
  

• Looking at how symptoms affect daily life
  
  

• Ruling out other causes when needed
  
  

There is no single blood test or scan for ADHD. Diagnosis is based on patterns and impact.

💊 Common Treatment Options 

Treatment is individualized and may include:

• Behavioral strategies or coaching
  
  

• Therapy or skills-based support
  
  

• Medications in some cases
  
  

• Adjustments to routines, environment, or workload
  
  

Many people use a combination of approaches.

🛠️ What Helps Day to Day 

Helpful supports may include:

• Clear routines and reminders
  
  

• Breaking tasks into smaller steps
  
  

• External structure (lists, timers, calendars)
  
  

• Addressing sleep, stress, and mental health
  
  

Finding what works often takes some trial and adjustment.

🚨 When to Seek Immediate Help 

Seek immediate help if ADHD symptoms are combined with:

• Severe mood changes
  
  

• Thoughts of harming yourself
  
  

• Feeling unsafe or overwhelmed
  
  

In the U.S., call or text 988 for the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline.
If you are in immediate danger, call 911.

➡️ What’s Next 

ADHD is manageable, and support can make daily life easier.

You may also want to explore:

• Anxiety Disorders
  
  

• Brain Chemicals
  
  

• Brain Networks
  
  

Understanding how your brain works can help you build strategies that fit you.