The APR-IA project RedFlag, focused on fraud detection and combating money laundering, stands out for its innovative and multidisciplinary approach. Its main objective was to develop techniques for the prevention and detection of fraud and money laundering, drawing on expertise in data science, econometrics, private law, public law, and international law.

The complex field of automatic fraud detection requires a thorough understanding of statistical models, rational agent behavior, as well as economic and legal aspects. For these reasons, RedFlag brought together econometricians and statisticians from the Laboratory of Economics of Orleans (LEO) as well as legal experts from the Pothier Legal Research Center (CRJP 1212), forming a multidisciplinary team.

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The project has produced tangible scientific results in the three initially defined axes:

• Creation of original databases from anonymized proprietary data, specifically focused on insurance fraud and social security contribution fraud.

• Development of technical solutions: given the high adaptability of fraudsters, we have devised combined techniques, including enhanced econometric methods, machine learning, and business rules. From a legal perspective, we have proposed improvements to the regulatory framework and tightening of applicable sanctions (seizure and confiscation of movable and immovable assets, tangible and intangible).

• Valorization of scientific results through various forms: (i) publication in national and international academic journals; (ii) presentations at conferences; (iii) organization of conferences targeting both specialists and non-expert audiences, as well as summer schools.

The RedFlag project represented a significant opportunity to build a network of inter-laboratory (LEO and CRJ) and transdisciplinary (economics, econometrics, data science, and law) research within the region. In parallel, the project acted on three levels: at the regional and national levels, it brought together researchers from various disciplines (economics, econometrics, private law, public law, international law, European Union law, etc.) interested in fraud detection and combating money laundering. On an international level, the project established collaborations with researchers specialized in fraud detection, working at foreign universities such as KU Leuven University, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Oxford University, and Waseda University in Japan.

Another characteristic of this project lies in the alliance of academic and professional expertise, with the working group including fraud detection specialists from insurance companies and social security contribution collecting organizations. A mission was also carried out within the General Agency for the Recovery of Seized and Confiscated Assets (AGRASC), placed under the dual supervision of the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Economy.