The Christian community has had different schools of thought regarding Israel, and these different schools of thought result in different political views regarding Israel today. Here are some of the main schools of thought:
The predominant Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Orthodox, and modern [conservative as well as liberal] Reformed church position: replacement view in which the Church has replaced Israel and there is no special future role for ethnic Israel in the Christianization of the nations. Current political representatives of this position are Tucker Carlson, Andrew Napolitano, Candace Owens, and many others.
The historic Reformed and Presbyterian church position: replacement view in which the Church has replaced Israel but there is a special future role for ethnic Israel in the Christianization of the nations. Although this was the predominant position at the USA's founding, it has become such a minority position that one is hard-pressed to cite current major political representatives who are clearly of this position. It was theologian John Calvin's view* and most American Protestants, until displaced by the dispensationalist perspective. Its technical theological name is postmillennial historicism.
The dispensationalist church position: rejection of replacement view but instead a two-track view, in which ethnic Israel and the Church enjoy separate and distinct promises of God. The Church will be raptured up into heaven before a tribulation period and Christ's Second Coming when ethnic Israel will convert to Christianity and lead in an earthly millennial kingdom. Current political representatives of this position are Ambassador Mike Huckabee, Senator Ted Cruz, and many others.
The above summarizes what has been the predominant view of these church groups, and not the exclusive view of each church group. For instance, there are many Americans in Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Orthodox, and other churches which are very pro-Israel due to various factors.
Romans chapters 9-11, along with corresponding texts in other parts of scripture, refute school of thought #1 above. God has a special place for ethnic Israel in the Christianization of the nations of the earth before Christ's Second Coming. It teaches that the conversion of Jews to the Christian religion will be the means for a great worldwide Biblical Reformation period before Christ's Second Coming. The Jewish nation, along with the Gentile nations, will be soundly Christian.*
School of thought #3 rests upon various erroneous positions. One error is that the rapture of Christians is disconnected by a significant period of time from Christ's Second Coming and the Great Day of Judgment, when in reality scripture teaches they occur together in time, in quick succession. Another error revolves around God's Abrahamic covenant. According to dispensationalism, God made an unconditional Abrahamic Covenant with physical Abraham and his descendants (ethnic Israel), which includes promises of land and a great nation, that are yet to be fully fulfilled in a future millennial age through ethnic Israel. This differs from historic reformed Christian covenantal theology, which views these promises as spiritually fulfilled in the Church, the new spiritual Israel. True, ethnic Israel will be part of the Church, since ethnic Israel will convert to Christianity as the Gentile nations have and will, before the Second Coming of Christ, but there is not one covenant for ethnic Israel and a separate covenant for the Church. Galatians 3 and like texts teach that God's covenant with Abraham and his seed was with Christ and His Church of all ages. Sadly and erroneously, view #3 is pessimistic about the conversion of the Jewish people en masse to Christianity apart from Christ's miraculous Second Coming, whereas scripture offers significant hope for their conversion, even as other people groups have been converting, through the word and Spirit of God- God's method for the conversion of all nations to Christ.
The practical political implications of these different schools of thought are significant. View #1 tends towards an indifference or even an antipathy to the Jewish nation and people group, viewing them as incessant enemies of Christianity with little positive to provide. In stark contrast, view #3 tends towards a deference to the Jewish nation and people group, without sufficient recognition that their Judaism is opposed to Christianity and sound Biblical thinking. We should not be seeking a "Judeo-Christian nation", but instead a Christian nation. And we should recognize that because of their spiritual blindness the Jewish nation will seek many things which are actually contrary to their true interests. (A good example of that was their urging of President George W. Bush to attack Sadam Hussein's Iraq.) View #2 sees the Jewish nation and people group as an important avenue for Christian evangelization as well as protection, because ultimately God will use them as an important instrument to crush Satan's domination of the world which he will to a great extent enjoy until the Jews convert. Even if many Gentile Christians are fooled, Satan knows he must destroy the Jewish nation before they convert and are used by God to crush him.
*Google AI Summary of John Calvin's commentary on Romans chapter 11: "it emphasizes God's sovereign election, the rejection of ethnic Israel due to unbelief, the grafting in of Gentiles, and the future restoration of "all Israel" (which he defines as the entire people of God, both Jew and Gentile) to faith through the completion of Christ's kingdom. He interprets "all Israel" in Romans 11:26 as the whole church gathered from both groups, with the Jews having a prominent but not exclusive place.
Key Themes in Calvin's Commentary on Romans 11:
Divine Sovereignty and Election: Calvin believed that God's faithfulness is not based on the collective actions of the Jewish nation but on His secret election, ensuring a special remnant of believers.
Rejection of Israel and Grafting of Gentiles: The natural branches of the olive tree (ethnic Israel) were broken off due to their unbelief. Gentiles, like wild branches, were grafted in to share in the nourishment of the olive root (Abrahamic covenant).
The Meaning of "All Israel": Calvin's most significant contribution is his interpretation of "all Israel" in Romans 11:26. He understood "Israel" here not as the ethnic nation but as the spiritual body of God's people, a church made up of both Jews and Gentiles.
The Future Restoration: When the Gentiles come into the church, the Jews will also return to the obedience of faith, completing the salvation of this spiritual "Israel of God".
The Kingdom of Christ: Paul intended to show the completion of Christ's kingdom, which includes the entire world, not just the Jews.
"Life from the Dead": For Calvin, the "life from the dead" refers to a powerful revival of true religion, where the restoration of the Jews to God's favor will lead to a widespread spread of spiritual life and faith throughout the Gentile world."