- Precambrian to Pleistocene: -4600 - -2.48 my
- Paleolithic -2.48 my – -8500 years
- Neolithic -8500 - -4500
- Chalcolithic -4500 - -3500
- Early Bronze Age -3500 - -2200
- Intermediate Bronze Age -2200 - -2000
- Middle Bronze Age -2000 - -1550
- Late Bronze Age -1550 - -1200
- Iron Age I -1200 - -1000
- Iron Age II -1000 - -586
- Babylonian -586 - -538
- Persian -538 - -332
- Hellenistic -332 - -63 (-167)
- Hasmonean -167 - -63 (-37)
- 2nd T Roman -63 - +70
- Herodian -37 - -4 (+44 Agripa I)
- Late Roman 70 - 324
- Byzantine 324 - 638
- Pre-Umayyad (4 Righteous Caliphs) 638 - 661
- Umayyad 661 - 750
- Abbasid 750 - 969
- Fatimid 969 - 1099
- Crusader 1099 - 1291
- Mamluk 1260 - 1516
- Turkish / Ottoman 1516-1917
- Mohamed Ali 1831-1840
- Late Ottoman 1840-1917
- British Mandate 1917-1948
- Israel +1948
Dates - DdcW.pdf