Identifying Top 10 Countries for Digital Development Aid: An Analysis by a World Bank Digital Development Initiative Analyst

Introduction

As an analyst for the World Bank's Digital Development programme, focuses on increasing access to inexpensive fast, internet, and establishing dependable online platforms to enable enhanced good governance, service delivery, and social responsibility. Choose the ten nations that have a greatest prospect for help in order to achieve digital growth. The nations were chose based on the K mean clustering and consider other variables so they can properly utilise it. For K means clustering consider the Individuals using the Internet (% of population), Income share held by lowest 20% and Researchers in R&D (per million people). The data source was Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS), Income share held by lowest 20%( https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.DST.FRST.20?view=chart) and Researchers in R&D (per million people) (https://data.worldbank.org/topic/science-and-technology?view=chart). K mean cluster is the technique through which data was separating a population or set of data points into a number of groups so that data points in same category are more similar to the data points in other groups than pieces of data in other categories. In a nutshell, the goal is to separate groups with similar characteristics and assign them to clusters.

Analysis and Results

K Mean clustering

The analysis was conducted by using the Rstudio. For clustering, Individuals using the Internet (% of population) was used. Before proceeding the analysis, we must find the optimal number of clusters.
The results showed that the optimal number of clusters was found 5. And the result of K means clustering showed that in cluster 1, 54 countries was fall, in cluster 2 was 114, cluster 3 was 35, cluster 4 the countries was 31 and cluster 5 (32). The cluster 2 was found highest.
The average Internet usage in cluster 1 was 78.22, for cluster 2 was 11.90, cluster 3 was 40.16, cluster 4 was 46.13 and cluster 5 was 53.06. The lowest Internet usage was observed in cluster 2 that was 11.90. From the cluster 2, the deserving countries was following: Sierra Leone, Myanmar, American Samoa, Channel Islands, Curacao, Isle of Man, Not classified, Sri Lanka, St. Martin (French part), Northern Mariana Islands, Nauru, Palau, Korea, Dem. People's Rep., San Marino, Somalia, South Sudan, Sint Maarten (Dutch part), Turks and Caicos Islands, Uganda, and Kosovo.

Time Series Analysis

The data was summarized by using the dplyr library. The analysis results showed that following countries have the highest Individuals using the Internet (% of population). These countries were used for further analysis.

Net official development assistance

Time series was conducted by using the Net official development assistance received (constant 2018 US$) and result showed that during 2014 to 2016 received the official assistance and Then there was increase in net official development assistance and reached its peek during 2019 and then decreased during 2020. After that forecast the data set for next five years and results showed that in next five years values remain stagnant.

Researchers in R&D (per million people)

Time series was conducted by using the Research in R & D indicator and Investment in Researchers in R & D per million people was straight line that means these countries did not invest in R & D. The forecast of next five years also showed that there will be no investment in R and D.

Individuals using the Internet (% of population)

The time series analysis showed that internet usage was high during 2014 to 2015 but after that there was decrease in the usage.

Conslusion

The results revealed that the best number of clusters was discovered to be 5. And the result of K means clustering revealed that 54 nations fell into cluster 1, 114 fell into cluster 2, 35 fell into cluster 3, 31 fell into cluster 4, and 5 fell into cluster 5. (32). Cluster 2 was shown to be the most prominent. Cluster 1 had an average Internet use of 78.22, Cluster 2 had an average of 11.90, Cluster 3 had an average of 40.16, Cluster 4 had an average of 46.13, and Cluster 5 had an average of 53.06. Cluster 2 had the lowest Internet use, which was 11.90. These ten countries was selected to get assistance American Samoa, Channel Islands, Curacao, Isle of Man, Korea, Dem. People's Rep., Kosovo, Myanmar, Nauru, Northern Mariana Islands and Not classified.

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