Data Matrix Code !!TOP!!

A Data Matrix is a two-dimensional code consisting of black and white "cells" or dots arranged in either a square or rectangular pattern, also known as a matrix. The information to be encoded can be text or numeric data. Usual data size is from a few bytes up to 1556 bytes. The length of the encoded data depends on the number of cells in the matrix. Error correction codes are often used to increase reliability: even if one or more cells are damaged so it is unreadable, the message can still be read. A Data Matrix symbol can store up to 2,335 alphanumeric characters.

The most popular application for Data Matrix is marking small items, due to the code's ability to encode fifty characters in a symbol that is readable at 2 or 3 mm2 (0.003 or 0.005 sq in) and the fact that the code can be read with only a 20% contrast ratio.[1]A Data Matrix is scalable; commercial applications exist with images as small as 300 micrometres (0.012 in) (laser etched on a 600-micrometre (0.024 in) silicon device) and as large as a 1 metre (3 ft) square (painted on the roof of a boxcar). Fidelity of the marking and reading systems are the only limitation.The US Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) recommends using Data Matrix for labeling small electronic components.[2]

Data Matrix Code

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Data Matrix codes are becoming common on printed media such as labels and letters. The code can be read quickly by a barcode reader which allows the media to be tracked, for example when a parcel has been dispatched to the recipient.

For industrial engineering purposes, Data Matrix codes can be marked directly onto components, ensuring that only the intended component is identified with the data-matrix-encoded data. The codes can be marked onto components with various methods, but within the aerospace industry these are commonly industrial ink-jet, dot-peen marking, laser marking, and electrolytic chemical etching (ECE). These methods give a permanent mark which can last up to the lifetime of the component.

Data Matrix codes are usually verified using specialist camera equipment and software.[further explanation needed] This verification ensures the code conforms to the relevant standards, and ensures readability for the lifetime of the component. After component enters service, the Data Matrix code can then be read by a reader camera, which decodes the Data Matrix data which can then be used for a number of purposes, such as movement tracking or inventory stock checks.

Data Matrix codes, along with other open-source codes such as 1D barcodes can also be read with mobile phones by downloading code specific mobile applications. Although many mobile devices are able to read 2D codes including Data Matrix Code,[3] few extend the decoding to enable mobile access and interaction, whereupon the codes can be used securely and across media; for example, in track and trace, anti-counterfeit, e.govt, and banking solutions.

Data Matrix codes are used in the food industry in autocoding systems to prevent food products being packaged and dated incorrectly. Codes are maintained internally on a food manufacturers database and associated with each unique product, e.g. ingredient variations. For each product run the unique code is supplied to the printer. Label artwork is required to allow the 2D Data Matrix to be positioned for optimal scanning. For black on white codes testing isn't required unless print quality is an issue, but all color variations need to be tested before production to ensure they are readable.[citation needed]

In May 2006 a German computer programmer, Bernd Hopfengrtner, created a large Data Matrix in a wheat field (in a fashion similar to crop circles). The message read "Hello, World!".[4] In June 2011 the Parisian tattoo artist K.A.R.L., as part of a promotion for Ballantine's scotch whisky,[5] created the world's first animated tattoo utilizing a Data Matrix code in a collaborative process streamed live on Facebook.[6][7]

Data Matrix symbols are made up of modules arranged within a perimeter finder and timing pattern. It can encode up to 3,116 characters from the entire ASCII character set (with extensions). The symbol consists of data regions which contain modules set out in a regular array. Large symbols contain several regions. Each data region is delimited by a finder pattern, and this is surrounded on all four sides by a quiet zone border (margin). (Note: The modules may be round or square- no specific shape is defined in the standard. For example, dot-peened cells are generally round.)

The diagrams below illustrate the placement of the message data within a Data Matrix symbol. The message is "Wikipedia", and it is arranged in a somewhat complicated diagonal pattern starting near the upper-left corner. Some characters are split in two pieces, such as the initial W, and the third 'i' is in "corner pattern 2" rather than the usual L-shaped arrangement. Also shown are the end-of-message code (marked End), the padding (P) and error correction (E) bytes, and four modules of unused space (X).

Multiple encoding modes are used to store different kinds of messages. The default mode stores one ASCII character per 8-bit codeword. Control codes are provided to switch between modes, as shown below.

Character code interpretations are shown in the table below. The C40 and Text modes have four separate sets. Set 0 is the default, and contains codes that temporarily select a different set for the next character. The only difference is that they reverse upper-and lower-case letters. C40 is primarily upper-case, with lower-case letters in set 3; Text is the other way around. Set 1, containing ASCII control codes, and set 2, containing punctuation symbols are identical in C40 and Text mode.

It is desirable to avoid long strings of zeros in the coded message, because they become large blank areas in the Data Matrix symbol, which maycause a scanner to lose synchronization. (The default ASCII encoding does not use zero for this reason.) In order to make that less likely, thelength and data bytes are obscured by adding a pseudorandom value R(n), where n is the position in the byte stream.

Cognex Corporation, a large manufacturer of 2D barcode devices, filed a declaratory judgment complaint on 13 March 2006 after receiving information that Acacia had contacted its customers demanding licensing fees. On 19 May 2008 Judge Joan N. Ericksen of the U.S. District Court in Minnesota ruled in favor of Cognex.[12] The ruling held that the '524 patent, which claimed to cover a system for capturing and reading 2D symbology codes, is both invalid and unenforceable due to inequitable conduct by the defendants during the procurement of the patent.

-industrial-traceability-how-barcodes-work-0Laser Direct Part Marking (LDPM) is the identification of individual parts (or bundle of parts) with unique identifiers. The identifiers are marked directly onto the products. Download the guide:...

2D codes such as data matrix and QR codes are used in almost all industries to share information about the parts or products on which they are marked. For example, the codes that are shown above both store the URL to the Laserax website. If you have a smartphone, you can find an application to scan these codes and open our website in your web browser. In the case of parts and products, codes like these are scanned at every stage of the production and delivery process to track them and store valuable information in a database.

A data matrix code is a 2D code that is made of black and white cells that are typically arranged in a square pattern (although rectangular patterns also exist). The number of rows and columns increases with the amount of information stored in the code, which is limited to 2,335 alphanumeric characters. The L-shape that follows its borders is its finder pattern, which is used by scanners to recognize and read the code. The use of data matrix codes is standardized thanks to the ISO/IEC 16022 international standard.

While both 2D barcodes and QR codes are square or rectangular, QR codes have distinctive corner squares, whereas 2D barcodes appear more uniform. QR codes can store more data and are easily scanned by smartphones, while 2D barcodes require specific scanners, making QR codes a popular choice for diverse applications.

Size matters! Both data matrix codes and QR codes are scalable, but small components such as electronic devices are typically marked with data matrix codes since they can encode more characters within the same space. Some markings have cells that are as small as 300 m2, whereas other markings are as large as a 1 m2. QR codes are less compact in size and are therefore not typically used for small items.

Traceability demands that codes be readable from the beginning until the end of their lifecycle. For example, if the parts that you produce are treated using abrasive blasting such as shotblasting and sandblasting, chances are that the readability of your codes will be affected. The error correction level can be used to account for some damage to the code, but a code that is shotblast resistant is even better. See this article for information on shotblast resistant laser marking.

Grades indicate the overall readability of a code and range from A to F. Different international ISO standards exist to determine the quality of 2D codes. When direct part marking is used, ISO/IEC TR 29158 (also known as AIM DPM) is used to evaluate quality using eight parameters: axial non-uniformity, cell contrast, cell modulation, decodability, fixed pattern damage, grid non-uniformity, minimum reflectance, and unused error correction.

You can encode lots of information in 2D codes, but there are limitations. Both types of codes work just fine if you want to use alphanumeric or binary characters. However, the QR code, which was first adopted by the automotive industry in Japan, is the only type that supports Kanji and Kana characters. If you want to use a specific type of code, you must be prepared to work with its limitations. ff782bc1db