Daisy Bell Computer Download

Daisy Bell (Bicycle Built for Two): is a song originally written in 1892 by British songwriter Henry Dacre with the well-known chorus of the song. The Song was also the earliest song sung using computer speech synthesis by IBM 704 in 1961. The song is utilized by the Partygoers for its calming lyrics and generally being a nursery rhyme, fitting the Partygoers general theme. The version sung by the entity seems to be sung by two other voice syntheses, one has been recognized as IMB 704l, however the second one is for, as of writing this article, unknown, but seems to be a second female voice.

In Kubrick's movie, 2001: A Space Odyssey (IMDb), the computer HAL is heard to sing the song "Daisy Bell" (aka "A Bicycle Built for Two") as David Bowman is disconnecting HALs higher memory functions.

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I would like to know which came first; which inspired the other. Did Kubrick know of the work at IBM and use it in the film, or did he think of it first and IBM, playing catch-up, teach their computer to sing the same song?

For the instrumental parts of the song, the Bell Labs team relied on contributions from Max Matthews, who had created a breakthrough sound-generating program called MUSIC back in 1957. In those ancient analog days, he had hooked up his violin to an IBM 704, and was thus the first performer in history to transfer live music to a computer for synthesis and playback.

This laboratory experiment had a strange sequel that continues to reverberate in popular culture. In 1962, science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke visited John Kelly at Bell Labs, where he heard a demonstration of the singing computer. He was so struck by the performance that he incorporated it into the story line of 2001: A Space Odyssey, and it evolved into one of the most memorable scenes in cinema history.

My guess is Kubrick figured HAL'S voice would have been more natural sounding than the relatively crude sounding synthetic voice of the IBM computer by the time of the setting of the events depicted in "2001."

Not many people could afford an IBM 7094 computer back in the early 1960s\u2014a typical installation cost $3 million. That\u2019s the equivalent of around $20 million in purchasing power today. Over the course of the decade, fewer than 300 were built.

But addition and subtraction aren\u2019t very sexy. So someone got the bright idea of teaching the IBM 7094 to sing. That\u2019s why John L. Kelly Jr., Carol Lockbaum, and Lou Gerstman of Bell Labs, in Murray Hill, New Jersey, began working in 1961 on this pioneering computer music project.

Even back in the early 1960s, this tune didn\u2019t have much hipness potential. But at least the melody was simple, well-known, and no longer protected by copyright. (That said, I would love to watch a jury in 1961 debate computer music rights.)

Gerstman, for example, would later emerge as one of the first experts in analyzing \u2018voice prints\u2019 and served as expert witness in the celebrated 1973 criminal prosecution of New Orleans D.A. Jim Garrison for bribery, where his analysis of a tape recording played a key part in securing an acquittal. Later he would turn his attention to helping people recover their speech skills after a stroke. But back in 1961 he was focused on the more lighthearted project of giving singing lessons to an IBM computer.

There are many curious aspects of this short snippet of music. I\u2019m especially fascinated by the decision to teach the computer lyrics that are essentially a marriage proposal. And the happy-ever-after envisioned by the singer is seeing the beloved embedded in a new technology (albeit a two-seat bike, in this instance).

When astronaut Dave Bowman needs to shut down the dangerous HAL 9000 computer, the machine\u2019s abilities start to degrade. It regresses back to its earliest programming experiences, which included learning to sing \u201CDaisy Bell.\u201D Even today, that moment in the film is riveting, and all the more so when viewers realize that it references a real moment in the evolution of computer technology.

Perhaps the only disappointment here is that film director Stanley Kubrick rejected the idea of using an actual IBM computer for the voice synthesis in his movie. Instead he hired an actor. He picked Douglas Rain after hearing his narration in a documentary. He felt that this Shakespearean actor had the right stuff to provide \u201Cthe creepy voice of HAL.\u201D

How strange that an actor was better at emulating a computer, back in the 1960s, than a computer itself. We\u2019ve come a long way since then. Today almost every aspect of music-making, from composition to curation, is getting handed off to machines. But 60 years ago, just teaching a computer to sing for 30 seconds was a technological marvel.

IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. At the top of the line was the Model 7030, also known as "Stretch." Nine of the computers, which featured dozens of advanced design innovations, were sold, mainly to national laboratories and major scientific users. A special version, known as HARVEST, was developed for the US National Security Agency (NSA). The knowledge and technologies developed for the Stretch project played a major role in the design, management, and manufacture of the later IBM System/360--the most successful computer family in IBM history.

The 1401 mainframe, the first in the series, replaces earlier vacuum tube technology with smaller, more reliable transistors. Demand called for more than 12,000 of the 1401 computers, and the machines success made a strong case for using general-purpose computers rather than specialized systems. By the mid-1960s, nearly half of all computers in the world were IBM 1401s.

The Ferranti Sirius is announced. The Sirius was a small, low-cost business computer using a simple programming language. Its main memory was a magnetostrictive delay line. The medium here was a thin strip of special metal rolled into a coil, with transducers at either end. Like all delay lines, bits were fed into one end, detected at the other, and continuously recirculated. Although this type of delay line was considered to be somewhat slow, its low cost made it attractive to computer designers.

Throughout the 1950s and early '60s, Bell Labs was one of the centers for computer research in graphics and music. Bell Labs had developed a speech synthesis system for their IBM 704 mainframe computer. John Kelly and Carol Lochbaum programmed the vocals, while Max Mathews programmed the accompaniment. One of the attendees at the first demonstration was author Arthur C. Clarke, who recommended it to director Stanley Kubrick for his film version of the book 2001: A Space Odyssey.

The US Navy Tactical Data System uses computers to integrate and display shipboard radar, sonar and communications data. This real-time information system began operating in the early 1960s. In October 1961, the Navy tested the NTDS on the USS Oriskany carrier and the USS King and USS Mahan frigates. After being successfully used for decades, NTDS was phased out in favor of the newer AEGIS system in the 1980s.

By the early 1960s many people can share a single computer, using terminals (often repurposed teleprinters) to log in over phone lines. These timesharing computers are like central hubs with spokes radiating to individual users. Although the computers generally can't connect to each other, these are the first common multi-user systems, with dozens of people online at the same time. As a result, timesharing pioneers many features of later networks, from file sharing to e-mail and chat. Typical 1960s users are a mix of business people, bank employees, students and researchers, and military personnel.

The song has a slow start but then hit the public imagination, and was quickly translated into many languages. Its most famous appearance, of course, was in the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey, when the astronaut Dave closes down the murderously misbehaving computer HAL 9000. As its functions are gradually turned off, it sings the first song it learned, the chorus of Daisy Bell.

Chemistry professor Hiller founded the Experimental Music Studio at the University of Illinois in 1958. He and mathematician Leonard Isaacson developed the algorithms that the Illiac I computer used to compose the Illiac Suite for String Quartet.

Throughout the 1950s, researchers explored ways to create and perform music using computers. Techniques gradually improved; electronic sounds grew more familiar. By the 1980s, many top pop groups relied on electronic instruments.

My grandmother was called Daisy. She grew up in a time where old-fashioned flower names were in vogue, and when it felt like every meadow was bursting with daisy chains just waiting to be made.

Oh the disappointment of the misguided thumbnail which broke the daisy stem. I made my last daisychain more decades ago than I care to remember yet still feel this woe so acutely as if it were yesterday!

STEVE EMBER: Max Vernon Mathews has been called the father of computer music. He created electronic tools so that people could use computers as musical instruments. He had a huge influence on the development of electronic music and how it is written, recorded and played. ff782bc1db