Here are some common mistakes to avoid when crafting introductions and conclusions:
Introductions
Starting too broadly or too far off-topic. The introduction should get right to the point and introduce the main topic of the paper. Avoid starting with a long, general introduction that doesn't provide any specific information about the topic.
Not providing enough background information. If your readers are not familiar with the topic, you will need to provide some background information in the introduction. However, don't overload them with too much information.
Using too much jargon. Jargon is a technical language that is only understood by people who are familiar with a particular field. Avoid using jargon in your introduction unless you are sure that your readers will understand it.
Not stating the thesis statement. The thesis statement is the main argument of your paper. It should be stated clearly and concisely in the introduction.
Avoiding a strong conclusion. The conclusion should restate the thesis statement and summarize the main points of the paper. It should also leave the reader with something to think about.
Conclusions
Restating the thesis statement. The conclusion should restate the thesis statement, but it should not simply repeat it. Instead, you should put a new spin on it or offer a new perspective.
Summarize the main points of the paper. The conclusion should summarize the main points of the paper, but it should not simply list them. Instead, you should explain how these points support your thesis statement.
Avoiding new information. The conclusion should not introduce any new information. It should only summarize the information already presented in the paper.
Not leaving the reader with something to think about. The conclusion should leave the reader with something to think about. It should not simply end with a statement of fact. Instead, you should offer a challenge, a question, or a call to action.
By avoiding these common mistakes, you can write introductions and conclusions that are clear, concise, and effective.
Here are some additional tips for writing introductions and conclusions:
Use clear and concise language. Avoid using jargon or technical language that your readers may not understand.
Be specific. Don't just state the topic of your paper; give the reader a clear idea of what you will be discussing.
Use strong verbs. Verbs are the action words in your sentences. Use strong verbs to make your writing more powerful and engaging.
Vary your sentence structure. Don't use the same sentence structure over and over again. This will make your writing boring and monotonous.
Proofread carefully. Before you submit your paper, proofread it carefully for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
Following these tips, you can write introductions and conclusions that will help you effectively communicate your ideas.