Four of the songs later to be incorporated into the cycle were performed by Gerald Cooper on 6 October 1920 at the Mortimer Hall in London. The first complete performance took place on 23 November 1922, sung by Philip Wilson. Warlock wrote to his mentor Colin Taylor: "for the first time in my life I really feel pleased with something I have written. Wilson buggered up the voice part completely but the instrumentalists were fine. It's going to be given again in January with another singer, John Goss, who will do it far better".[1] The performance with John Goss took place on 31 January, 1923 at the Hyde Park Hotel.

The Long-billed Curlew is North America's largest shorebird, seen here in its breeding habitat, a western grassland. They may be the largest, but they're also among the rarest. Their numbers are declining as arid grasslands disappear. Because curlews depend on very different environments for breeding and wintering, changes in either habitat affect them. The Nature Conservancy and American Bird Conservancy are both protecting habitat in the prairies of Montana. And in Mexico, they're working closely with Pronatura Noreste.


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Curlews are returning to the local moors. This big ochre wader is one of the most obvious signs of advancing spring high above sea level, even though the weather can be very wintry; I have often seen curlew back on their breeding territories huddled up in a blizzard as they wait for warmer times. Their song needs little description, rich, fluty notes carry across the moors which are still very much in their winter garb. They often call during a song flight where the male rises up from the ground and slowly glides back onto the moor on wings held in a shallow V. Curlews often arrive at a similar time to lapwing which can be seen performing their incredible acrobatic display flights from now on. Soon golden plover, snipe, meadow pipits, wheatears and ring ouzels will join the moorland chorus.

However, the sound of breeding curlew during spring and early summer is perilously close to disappearing. What we once took for granted has since been taken from us with a rapid decline by more than 60% in the last 20 years.

The curlew uses relatively large areas within both our upland and lowland landscapes to breed and feed during the spring and summer. Changes to modern farming practices, leading to earlier cutting dates for hay and silage, mean that the curlew have less time to allow chicks to fledge. High predation rates of eggs and chicks is also reducing breeding success and driving population declines.

Prioritisation is essential, so that limited resources are targeted and have the greatest conservation impact. On this basis, we have adopted a targeted approach, working in nominated Important Curlew Areas (ICAs), whilst also looking for opportunities to connect ICAs with curlew friendly habitats and land management practices.

We are working with partner organisations in the Gylfinir Cymru partnership group to raise awareness of the plight of breeding curlew by helping to deliver favourable management of breeding sites throughout Wales. Gylfinir Cymru is a joint working group between organisations that represent sectors of government, conservation, farming and game management. It aims to halt and, if possible, reverse this decline through the implementation of a ten-year action plan.

The group is calling on the public, farmers, landowners and nature enthusiasts to pass on your records this year. This will then allow us to work with partners within the ICAs and other organisations to put resources in place to help the curlew within the locations they are known to be breeding.

In the seventh century, Saint Beuno is known to have blessed the curlew after it rescued his book of sermons, that was filled with years of his work, after he accidentally dropped it into the sea. The curlew is known to have swooped into the water and return it to the shore to dry on the rocks.

Many projects are now underway to stem the declines and restore curlews to some of their previous homes. You can probe deep into the ecology and conservation of curlews, and support their future prospects, through the tireless work of Curlew Action.

Meanwhile our winter population of curlews is still swollen by many thousands of birds from colder parts of Europe. They gather around our coastal marshes and shorelines, and keep those wistful, joyful, irreplaceable cries in our ears at least a while longer.

I have a special fondness for curlews as they were the soundtrack to our move to The Ribble Valley. I had never consciously heard or seen them before. I somehow managed to find out what they were by typing in goodness knows what to Google. It's so sad how much their numbers have depleted. It makes me feel so fortunate that I can often hear and see them from our garden. I won't ever take this for granted.

This is a sound many of us carry in memories of a chilly seaside walk. Curlews were made to stick their beaks in soft mud. Where there\u2019s mud, revealed at low tide in great slabs across an estuary or harbour, there will most likely be curlews, feeding and calling.

The bill\u2019s great length and downward curve enable the curlew to winkle out their prey - shrimps, worms, shellfish - from above, at some distance, presumably in a way that no other species manages quite as well.

Like lapwings, curlews really aren\u2019t all that fussy in their choice of neighbourhood. They need open areas with some cover for nesting and plenty of food - such as provided by meadows, pasture and heathland. Perhaps a few boggy tracts with soft ground to probe.

This seems to be down to two main factors: the widespread loss of suitable nesting areas to more intensive agriculture and other land uses, and relentless pressure from historically high numbers of predators such as foxes and crows. It\u2019s a combination that appears very hard for curlews to cope with.

I think we can all agree our shared love for these curlews. Seeing them gives pleasure to everyone from the most experienced enthusiast to a young child out for the first time. But I cannot help but raise the issue that surely the impact of the stance you are taking at Wild Justice with the General Licenses risks threatening the existence of these very birds that you are now celebrating.

It is clear that unless there is proper predation management then we will lose curlews, all genuine ornithologists recognise that. Surely we should be focusing our attention on this rather than risking their future?

I appreciate your point on foxes, but my focus is of course on the Carrion Crow. It may interest you to know every year I see pairs of magpies predating the nests of curlew and Lapwings and in every witnessed case at fledgling stage. I appreciate I am going slightly off course so I will return to your narrative.

This week we're focusing on the plight of the curlew - a bird that would be at the top of many lists to be the UK's totemic bird - not just because our coasts and estuaries host internationally important numbers of them in the winter, not only because our hills and moors (and some lowland areas too) are places that are globally significant breeding areas for curlew but as much because their wild presence and evocative calls are part of the soul of our countryside. They have woven their existence into our consciousness, our art and culture and yet they are in trouble. 

About 10 days ago I was at Seasalter on the Swale in Kent and saw pretty good numbers of curlew on the intertidal mudflats there. I wonder whether these would be breeding birds or be first /second year non breeders.

As you say Andre, curlew are an iconic species and it is so important that the UK looks after its internationally very important population, with the Eskimo curlew and the Slender billed curlew having been lost to world wide extinction in living memory.

For the first hour, there was no sign of the curlews. We had seen a pair in the area the day before, but I was already wondering if they were ever going to turn up. But, thankfully, curlews are birds of habit, and just as Ben had predicted, soon two pairs turned up in the field and began foraging. They were already far closer than anything I had filmed the day before, but I turned from pleased to grinning ear-to-ear when one female came so close she was virtually staring right down the barrel at me. Not bad for a bird that would usually fly away if you as much as entered the same field!

Loud, two-tone call, with 2nd note higher thanthe first, given both as an alarm call, and a contact call between individual birds. Alarm calls are also sometimes a series of whistled notes. The song of a Long-billed Curlew begins with loud, ascending whistles, followed by a series of rapid whistling vocalizations.

The song, performed in a mortuary context, guides the departed spirit to Burralkwa, the Land of the Dead by mentioning place names. Two songs are used in this context. If the journey began within Groote Eylandt, Curlew would be one of the guiding songs but if the journey began on the opposite mainland and crossed the sea to Groote Eylandt, Stingray and/ or other songs about sea creatures would have been sung.

Many of Alice Moyle's field recordings were published as LP discs with accompanying booklets. Notations, texts and analyses of songs appeared in these original works. When the recordings were issued as cassettes, and later as CDs, abbreviated versions of the information were included as liner notes for the cassettes or smaller booklets for the CDs. The images below show the covers of four of the original booklets which can be found in the AIATSIS Library. The recordings can be ordered from Aboriginal Studies Press. e24fc04721

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