Lok Sabha Elections in India 2024 

This volume brings together analytical essays examining the results of India’s 18th Lok Sabha elections held in 2024. While national elections determine the central government, they also reveal distinct patterns of voter behaviour, party competition, and political preferences across individual states. Interpreting the 2024 results through the prism of these states, the book highlights how national and regional dynamics profoundly intersect.

India’s democracy thrives on a unique duality: it is both nationally integrated and regionally segmented. A single constitutional framework, a unified electoral system, and a common political vocabulary bind a highly diverse society. National leaders, parties, and narratives provide a shared framework of engagement, yet voters interpret these appeals through their own regional histories and social worlds. At the same time, each state functions as a distinct political arena shaped by caste, community, and culture. Rather than weakening democracy, this regional segmentation sustains it—allowing pluralism to flourish and ensuring that regional aspirations are politically articulated.

The study of Indian politics often gets trapped between two extremes: a “monistic” view from New Delhi that sees states as mere extensions of the Centre, and a “regionally tethered” view that overlooks the shared concerns and values binding the nation. Grounded at a critical “middle vantage point”—below the nation and above the local—the contributors to this volume capture both unity and plurality. By aggregating the diverse realities of India’s states, the book offers a richer, more nuanced understanding of the 2024 Lok Sabha elections.

1. India Votes as a Union of States: Mutual Embeddedness in the 2024 Lok Sabha Elections — K.C. Suri, Vikas Tripathi, A.K. Verma

2. India's 2024 General Election: Continuity and Change — K.C. Suri, Subrata Mitra, Rahul Verma

3. Delhi: Class Alliances, and the Capital Vote — Ashish Ranjan, Atul Kumar Pandey

4. Haryana: Prosperity Did Not Diminish Identity Politics — Ramesh K. Madaan

5. Punjab: Decoding The Process and the Outcome — K. Gireesan, Gurpreet Choudhary

6. Jammu and Kashmir: Emerging Political Alignments — Arunima Deka

7. Himachal Pradesh: Decoding BJP's Hat-trick — Ramesh K. Chauhan, Bharti Sharma

8. Uttarakhand: Shifts and Stability in Electoral Politics — M.M. Semwal, Arvind Singh Rawat, Vidushi Dobhal Naithani

9. Uttar Pradesh: Transition From Identity Politics to Inclusive Politics — A.K. Verma, Sanjay Kumar, Dharmendra Pratap Srivastava

10. Rajasthan: Verdict of Tradition and Transition — Harsh Meena

11. Madhya Pradesh: BJP's Unprecedented Ascendancy — Yatindra Singh Sisodia

12. Chhattisgarh: A Surprise Setback for the Congress — Sheshmanee Sahu

13. Bihar: NDA Dominates INDIA Bloc in Social-Political Engineering — Abhay Kumar

14. Jharkhand: NDA in Troubled Waters — Angarag Sandilya

15. Odisha: BJP Springs a Surprise — R.K. Satapathy

16. West Bengal: Understanding Variations and Volatility — Pratip Chattopadhyay

17. North East India: The Dialectics of BJP's Dominance — Jilly Sarkar, Vikas Tripathi

18. Nagaland: Political Competition in a Changing Context — Amongla N. Jamir

19. Assam: Testing the Limits of BJP Dominant System — Vikas Tripathi, Jyotish Kalita, Dhruba Pratim Sharma

20. Telangana: Reshaping State's Electoral Landscape — Rupak Kumar

21. Andhra Pradesh: Welfare Benefits Alone Do Not Deliver Electoral Victory — K.C. Suri

22. Tamil Nadu: Resilience and Transformation in Dravidian Politics — Vignesh Karthik KR

23. Kerala: Multi-Polar Alliances and Changing Trends of Coalition Politics — G. Gopa Kumar

24. Karnataka: Dual Logic of Voting Preferences and the Shifting Balance of Party Strengths — Sandhya Chaturvedi

25. Goa: Prioritising Social-Political Identity over Governance — Nawoo Varak, Prachi Naik

26. Maharashtra: Leadership, Legacy and Competing Claims of Representation — Manisha Madhava

27. Gujarat: The Continuance of BJP Dominance — Sarthak Bagchi

28. Statistical Appendix- Dharmendra Pratap Srivastava

• A.K. Verma, Director, Centre for the Study of Society and Politics (CSSP), Kanpur.

• K.C. Suri, Professor of Political Science at Nagarjuna University, Guntur (AP) 

• Vikas Tripathi, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Gauhati University, Guwahati. 

"An insightful contribution to understanding contemporary state politics, showing how national integration and regional segmentation enable pluralism to flourish and constantly redefine the federal character of India's democracy."

Sudha Pai, Former Professor, Centre for Political Studies, JNU, New Delhi

"Nationally integrated and regionally 'segmented'—that is how this book felicitously sums up the larger perspective within which the 2024 Lok Sabha elections are analyzed. Well worth being widely read."

Ashutosh Varshney, Sol Goldman Professor, Watson School of IPA, Department of Political Science, Brown University, USA

"This volume skillfully integrates the multi-layered electoral canvas of the Indian nation and its constituent states and significantly enriches our conceptual and concrete understanding of India's realpolitik."

Pralay Kanungo, Institute for Area Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands

"This outstanding volume offers a state-by-state account of the results, providing a nuanced and textured portrait of a consequential election."

Milan Vaishnav, Senior Fellow and Director, South Asia Program, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, USA

"Using an innovative framework of 'mutual embeddedness,' the volume goes beyond the conventional binary between national and state-centric explanations. This collection offers fresh insights into the interplay of national and subnational factors that shaped the 2024 verdict."

K.K. Kailash, Professor of Political Science, University of Hyderabad

"An exhaustive analysis of the 2024 Indian general elections that covers all the states. The volume is alive to both the national perspective and the local nuances of the elections."

Ronojoy Sen, Senior Research Fellow, ISAS, National University of Singapore

"By focusing on the reciprocal embeddedness of national and regional factors, this evidence-rich and insightful volume reminds us that national factors only go so far in explaining electoral outcomes and that states do not function in isolation from their larger political environment."

Gilles Verniers, CERI, Sciences Po, Paris, France

"A must-read for scholars of democracy worldwide. The volume breaks conceptual ground by moving to the vantage point of the 'middle,' avoiding the pitfalls of a monolithic national gaze as well as a hyperlocal view."

Manisha Priyam, Sir Louis Matheson Distinguished Visiting Professor, Monash University, Australia

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