Object: A real-world entity with state (attributes/data) and behavior (methods).

Class: A blueprint or template for creating objects, defining their attributes and behaviors.

Encapsulation (Data Hiding): Binds data (variables) and methods (behavior) together as a single unit (class), restricting direct access to some components to protect data integrity.

Abstraction (Simplification): Hides complex implementation details and shows only the essential features of an object.

Inheritance (Reusability): A mechanism where a new class (subclass) inherits properties and behaviors from an existing class (superclass).

Polymorphism (Many Forms): Allows entities (methods, objects) to take on multiple forms, enabling one interface to be used for a general class of actions.