RESULTS & ANALYSIS

1. The results prove the opposite of the hypothesis:
   • The standard deviation of speech readability indexes for each presidents (excluding President Trump) is greater than 0.5. Thus, the readability of “State of the Union Addresses and Messages” is inconsistent during the presidency of a given president.
   • The standard deviation of the average speech readability indexes for all 4 presidents is less than 0.5. Thus, the readability of “State of the Union Addresses and Messages” does not vary much among different presidents.

2. According to ARI results, the hardest speech was delivered by President Clinton in 1993, which requires 11th-12th grade reading ability; the easiest speech was delivered by President Bush in 2001, which requires 8th grade reading ability.

3. According to FKGL results, the hardest speech was delivered by President Bush in 2005, which requires 11th grade reading ability; the easiest speech was delivered by President Obama in 2016, which requires 8th grade reading ability.

4. On average, President Bush's speeches were the hardest to understand whereas President Obama's speeches were the easiest to understand.

Note: All results happened to be unexpected/opposite to hypothesized results.