Learning occurs in response to external stimuli and is considered to take place when learners reach expected outcomes, after repeated reinforcement.

Knowledge is a repertoire of behaviors possessed by the person that understands something.

Learning is the contextualized, active process of constructing knowledge (rather than acquiring it), a responsibility that relies on students. Learning depends on the learner’s capacities and internal drive, and on society's motivations, ideas, cultural innovations, which influence the learner.

Knowledge consists of meanings and understandings that are in continuous construction and reorganization, based on personal experiences and hypotheses.

Learning is the ability to absorb and process information; and to actively predict, create, change and apply knowledge to diverse and changing circumstances. Learning depends on the learner’s capacities and internal drive, and on society's motivations, ideas, cultural innovations, which influence the learner.

Knowledge is developed in stages through step-by-step changes in how the mind is used; it is organized into schemas, found in long-term memory.

Learning is acquired by experiences adults seek, motivated to cope with specific life-changing events or to increase self-esteem and pleasure. Learning depends on the learner’s capacities and internal drive, and on society's motivations, ideas, cultural innovations, which influence the learner.

Knowledge is information that has been analyzed and filtered through experiences, integrated with what is already known, developed and ready to be applied.