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Climate-Smart Agriculture is an integrated approach to address these interlinked challenges and achieve increased production, enhanced resilience and reduced emissions. To achieve such goals, Milan No-Till Field Day is offering six presentations covering a variety of climate-smart topics so that farmers can be better informed and prepared to navigate the challenges of climate change.

To help answer this pressing question, researchers from the University of Minnesota Institute on the Environment used models and geospatial data to determine which crops and cropping practices are the biggest emissions culprits. In a paper published today in the journal Nature Climate Change, they report that peatland drainage and rice paddy cultivation together contribute about 80 percent of total global cropland GHG emissions.

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The study provides the first subnational, crop-specific estimates of emissions from cropland management. It also delivers methods, data and maps for estimating emissions and reducing emissions from the agricultural sector. The authors focused not only on total emissions but also on emissions intensity, which compares GHG emissions to the corresponding amount of calories produced.

Peatlands are carbon-rich soils that emit CO2 when drained for agriculture. Although crops planted on peatlands produce less than 1 percent of global calories, they account for 32 percent of GHG emissions from croplands. The researchers suggest halting crop expansion into peatlands as an important way to reduce agricultural emissions.

Contest winners will be displayed in the Agriculture Building at the 2023 Missouri State Fair in Sedalia.

Want to check out submitted photos? Check out our Flickr stream at flickr.com/moagriculture.

Cover crops are an investment much like any other input for agricultural operations. In order for producers to maximize their return on investment, cover crops should be managed to maximize benefits while minimizing costs.

Many of the benefits associated with cover crops are enhanced by increasing cover crop biomass and amount of residue remaining on the soil surface following cover crop termination. For example, greater amounts of residue on the soil surface can help suppress weeds and improve soil moisture retention during the cash crop growing season.

When making management considerations for cover crop biomass production, there are few costs that producers can control. Optimizing seeding rates and fertilization can lower the overall cost per acre for biomass production.

In an ongoing study conducted at the Wiregrass Research and Extension Center in Headland, Alabama, the effect of planting date, seeding rate, and nitrogen (N) fertilization on cover crop biomass production and cost was assessed. Results showed that optimizing seeding rates and fertilization can lower the overall cost per acre for biomass production.

Two cover crop seeding rates were evaluated in the study: 60 pounds per acre and 90 pounds per acre. The first 4 years of the study demonstrated there was never an effect of seeding rate on biomass production.

Cover crop biomass levels at early planting dates (mid- to late October) with no N fertilizer applied were comparable to biomass levels of later planted cereal rye (mid- to late November and early to mid-December) receiving 90 pounds per acre. These findings demonstrate that producers can save money that would otherwise be spent on N fertilizer by planting cover crops earlier in the growing season.

Farming was critical to the survival of Delaware's early European settlers, who cultivated crops such as wheat, barley, Indian corn, and peas, while raising livestock such as pigs, sheep, goats, and cattle for meat and milk.

Soft red wheat became the state's first important cash crop thanks to innovative flour mills designed by Newport's Oliver Evans, bringing fame and prosperity to the new state of Delaware. Born in Newport in 1755, Evans would revolutionize the flour milling industry. The process of milling had not changed for centuries until Evans made major improvements in a mill on Red Clay Creek in northern Delaware.

As tobacco declined in significance by 1770, other grain crops such as wheat, corn, barley, oats, and rye gained in importance as Delaware's agricultural trade steadily expanded through the latter part of the century.

In the 1890s, a mysterious disease called "peach yellows" affected the crop, causing a plunge to 2.4 million trees by 1900 and just over 300,000 by 1920. Fruit production gradually shifted to strawberries and apples.

About 90 percent of farms are either sole or family proprietorships or family-owned corporations. Just under 40 percent of the state's land is devoted to agricultural production, making it the predominant land use.

Agrivoltaics is defined as agriculture, such as crop production, livestock grazing, and pollinator habitat, located underneath solar panels and/or between rows of solar panels. It offers the opportunity to harvest the sun twice, potentially benefiting farmers, rural communities, and the solar industry.

Silicon-based PV cells are the most commonly used solar photovoltaic technology. Most solar panels have a glass layer on top that protects the PV cell and an aluminum or steel frame. An Electric Power Research Institute report found that "leaching of trace metals from modules is unlikely to present a significant risk due to the sealed nature of the installed cells."

Microclimate effects depend on the design of the solar system and the surrounding environment. Air temperatures tend to be cooler under the panels during the day and warmer under the panels at night. One study found that soil temperatures under the panels were less than that of soil temperatures in full sun all day and higher at night. There have been no studies linking solar development with pest problems or invasive species, but studies have shown that crops and native plants can thrive underneath solar installations.

Agrivoltaics can enable farmers to grow shade-tolerant crops and to diversify crop selection, while also extending growing seasons and reducing water requirements. Solar panels will actually cool crops and vegetation underneath during the day due to shading and keep them warmer at night. Some studies have shown that these temperature differences cancel each other out, so that daily average crop temperatures are similar under panels compared to full sun crops. High temperatures are often detrimental to crop yields. One study found that shading from solar panels produced lettuce crop weight equal to or greater than lettuce grown in full sun. In other cases, depending on the crops and growing conditions, impacts on yields can be more nuanced and depend on system design.

You should not burn crops underneath or around solar installations; this could lead to electrical fires and damaged equipment. If there is a need to conduct annual burns, this should be communicated to the solar developer upfront during the site selection process.

Land can be converted back to agricultural uses at the end of the operational life for solar installations. The life of a solar installation, roughly 30 years, can provide a recovery period for the land, increasing the value of that land for agriculture in the future. Depending on the nature of the solar operation, crops may or may not be present in the soil during the lifetime of the facility. Giving soil a rest can maintain soil quality and contribute to the biodiversity of agricultural land. On the other hand, implementing agrivoltaics and planting crops such as legumes underneath the solar installation can increase nutrient levels in the soil. The impacts of solar development and operations on soil is the subject of a SETO-funded project at Argonne National Laboratory.

The height of PV panels can be raised to allow for easier access to crops. Raising the height of PV panels, however, can increase the cost of the solar installation due to the need for additional steel for the foundational posts. The length of steel foundational posts underground may also need to be increased to accommodate the additional wind loading.

Another common way to adapt the design of a solar installation for agrivoltaics is to increase the spacing between panels and between rows, which allows for additional sunlight to reach the crops and increases the accessibility of the site to equipment. Increasing spacing, however, decreases the amount of electricity that can be produced on a given piece of land, so there is a trade-off between solar and agricultural productivity.

Agricultural landowners who are not renewing their agreements this year with the federal government to keep their land out of production have the ability to put that land back to work earlier, a potential boost to wheat and other crop production amid global shortages, the U.S. Department of Agriculture announced Thursday.

Agriculture groups such as the American Farm Bureau Federation have been pining for months for the USDA to release CRP farmland back into production without penalty to help boost the global food supply.

USDA data show that corn planting in at least 11 states is behind the five-year average, including most of the top-producing states. Iowa leads the country in corn production and, thanks to a stretch of favorable weather, was close to catching up with the five-year average on Sunday. Still, there are concerns that early planting delays will affect yield potential. 2351a5e196