The song was scored and harmonized for a male choir by a teacher and organist of the Zagreb Cathedral Vatroslav Lichtenegger in 1861, and after that it started to be performed as the Croatian people's ethnic anthem.[2][4] The title "Lijepa naa" has been applied since that time. The original text has 14 verses. Since then, a few minor adjustments have been made to the lyrics.[3]
The song was not immediately adopted by the Croatian Parliament as the national anthem. In 1907, the Association of Croatian Singing Clubs requested the parliament to do so but received no response, even though the song was used as the state anthem in unofficial capacity at ceremonies, including the 29 October 1918 session of parliament when Croatia formally dissolved its ties with Austria-Hungary.[3]
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Between 1918 and 1941, segments of the Croatian national anthem were part of the national anthem of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and it was unofficial hymn of Croats. During the World War II, in the Independent State of Croatia it was also used as state anthem, albeit with some modifications to the lyrics.[3] Croatian Partisans were also using it, for example during ZAVNOH sessions.
The song officially became the state anthem of Croatia through amendments of the Constitution of Croatia adopted by the parliament of the SR Croatia on 29 February 1972. It was confirmed by constitutions of 1974 and 1990, when its lyrics were slightly modified, and by the Coat of Arms, the Flag and the National Anthem of the Republic of Croatia Act.[3]
1
[lj.pa n.a do.m.i.no]
[oj j.nat.ka zm.o m.la]
[st.re sl.e dj.do.i.no]
[d bi z.da srt.na b.la]
[m.la k.no si nm sl.na]
[m.la si nm t j.di.na]
[m.la k.da si nm r.na]
[m.la k.da si pla.n.na]
2
[t.tsi dr.o s.o t.tsi]
[nit t d.na s.lu g.bi]
[s.e m.re sj.tu r.tsi]
[da sj n.rod x.at .bi]
[dk mu .e sn.tse gr.je]
[dk mu xr.te b.ra .je]
[dk mu mt.e gr.bak kr.je]
[dk mu .o sr.tse b.je]
The poem first published in the cultural magazine Danica ilirska, No. 10, edited by Ljudevit Gaj, in 1835[5][10] originally consisted of fourteen verses but today, only verses one, two, thirteen, and fourteen are part of the national anthem.
"Lijepa naa domovino" (Croatian pronunciation: [lj.pa n.a do.m.i.no]; "Our Beautiful Homeland") is the national anthem of Croatia. Croatian poet Antun Mihanovi wrote the words to it in 1835. Serbian composer Josif Runjanin made the music to it in 1846. The Croatian government made it a national anthem in 1972. Before that, it was often sung by the people as an anthem.
The anthem was first called "Horvatska domovina" ("Croatian homeland"). Some years later, people started calling it by how it's called today. The words of the anthem are also shorter today. Croatians often say the words "Lijepa naa" ("Our beautiful") instead of saying "Croatia".
1
[lj.pa n.a do.m.i.no]
[oj j.nat.ka zm.o m.la]
[st.re sl.e dj.do.i.no]
[d bi z.da srt.na b.la]
[m.la k.no si nm sl.na]
[m.la si nm t j.di.na]
[m.la k.da si nm r.na]
[m.la k.da si pla.n.na]
2
[t.tsi dr.o s.o t.tsi]
[nit t d.na s.lu g.bi]
[s.e m.re sj.tu r.tsi]
[da sj n.rod x.at .bi]
[dk mu .e sn.tse gr.je]
[dk mu xr.te b.ra .je]
[dk mu mt.e gr.bak kr.je]
[dk mu .o sr.tse b.je]
Despite the fact that the song was unofficially used at ceremonies, it was not immediately adopted by the Croatian Parliament as the national anthem. Between 1918 and 1941, segments of the Croatian national anthem were part of the national anthem of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. It was an unofficial hymn for Croats.
Antun Mihanovi was born on July 19, 1796, in Zagreb. He graduated from elementary school, and high school, and studied philosophy in Zagreb. He also studied law in Vienna and became interested in philology. Over time, he started to appreciate the Croatian language more.
In 1815, he wrote an important brochure Re domovini od hasnovitosti pisanja vu domorodnom jeziku. This happened before the start of Hrvatski narodni preporod, an important Croatian national-political and cultural movement. In a way, it was a protest against the Latin language.
Mihanovi believed that people could express themselves better in their own language and thus create their own culture. Two decades later, Mihanovi wrote Horvatska domovina. The poem was published in the 10th issue of the first Croatian cultural and literary magazine called Danicza horvatzka, slavonzka y dalmatinzka or Danica.
Due to its exceptional popularity, the poem was chosen as the Croatian national anthem at a large exhibition of the Croatian-Slavonian Economy Society in 1891. The poem was then renamed to Lijepa naa domovino.
Vatroslav Lichtenegger was born in 1809 in Poljane, Slovenia. He was a Croatian singing pedagogue and a singing teacher until his death. He led the choir at the school of the Croatian Music Institute, and composed, and performed as a pianist.
The official anthem of Croatia was adopted by parliament on February 29, 1972. The anthem was confirmed by the constitutions of 1974 and 1990 and by the Coat of Arms, the Flag, and the National Anthem of the Republic of Croatia Act.
The most viewed performance of the anthem is by Mia Negoveti, winner of Zvjezdice (Little Stars) Croatian music talent show for children, and klapa Sv. Juraj (Dalmatian traditional choir), which you may view below.
Please note: Information provided by Expat in Croatia is only for the purposes of guidance. It does not constitute legal or financial advice in any form. Croatian laws and bureaucratic rules often change, and each personal case is individual, so different rules may apply. For legal advice, contact us to consult with a licensed Croatian lawyer. For financial advice, contact us to consult with a licensed Croatian tax advisor or accountant.
If I have offended any Croatians, they have my deepest apologies Singer Tony Henry Croatia rose to the occasion in their crucial Euro 2008 defeat of England - after an apparent X-rated gaffe by an English opera singer at Wembley.Tony Henry belted out a version of the Croat anthem before the 80,000 crowd, but made a blunder at the end.He should have sung 'Mila kuda si planina' (which roughly means 'You know my dear how we love your mountains').But he instead sang 'Mila kura si planina' which can be interpreted as 'My dear, my penis is a mountain'. Replay: Croatia anthem singer's mistake
Now Henry could be one of the few Englishmen at the Euro 2008 finals in Austria and Switzerland as Croatian fans adopt him as a lucky omen.They believe his mistake relaxed their chuckling players, who scored an early goal in the 3-2 win that put Croatia top of the group and knocked out England.The singer, who hails from St Albans in Hertfordshire but now lives in Inverness, Scotland, has performed at stadiums around the world.He was once known as the Voice of Arsenal after Gunners fans were impressed with his rendition of Abide with Me before the FA Cup final in 2003 at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff.Henry came unstuck when he sang Lijepa Nasa Domovino (Our Beautiful Homeland) at a rain-swept Wembley on Wednesday night."I can't even defend myself at the end of the day. It was apparently the last line on the second verse which I made the mistake on," he told BBC Radio 5 Live."Coming to Wembley and the stadium, it must have got to me, is all I can say."It was the last thing that I would intentionally do, and all I can say is if I have offended any Croatians, then they have my deepest apologies." The Croatians have invited him to sing at Euro 2008 Henry's agent Douglas Gillespie On the contrary, Henry is becoming a cult hero in Croatia, but denies he played a part in England's exit."I can't take the blame for that. The last thing I would do is brag about my parts like that - especially to make it so public," said Henry.BBC TV presenter Adrian Chiles, whose mother is Croatian, acknowledged the language could pose problems."As a speaker of poor Croatian, I have a proud record of getting things calamitously wrong," said the Match of the Day 2 host."My personal best was telling a campsite owner that I had a small rat (mali stakor) rather than small tent (mali shator). However, Tony's put all my lifetime's efforts into the shade now."Zeljka Tomljenovic, secretary of the British-Croatian Society, added: "I don't envy the guy at all because the pronunciation is so difficult."He had a big challenge, to sing the national anthem in a language he knows, I assume, nothing about."Henry's agent Douglas Gillespie said it was a genuine mistake, but admitted the publicity could boost his career."He's been given the lyrics correctly, but he has enough trouble with English, never mind Croatian," joked Gillespie."There were 80,000 people in the crowd and millions of people watching. It was just the pressure of the moment."He did sing it very well and made a very, very small mistake for someone doing his best and singing in a language that is alien to him. If you've ever tried to speak Croatian, it's very difficult."The Croatians think it's great, and they've invited him to come over and sing at Euro 2008, and asked if he will be their mascot."Â
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The song Jana-gana-mana, composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore, was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the national anthem of India on 24 January 1950. It was first sung on 27 December 1911 at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress. The complete song consists of five stanzas. The first stanza contains the full version of the National Anthem: 152ee80cbc
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