Because Composer is heavily geared toward utilizing version control systemslike git, the term "version" can be a little ambiguous. In the sense of aversion control system, a "version" is a specific set of files that containspecific data. In git terminology, this is a "ref", or a specific commit,which may be represented by a branch HEAD or a tag. When you check out thatversion in your VCS -- for example, tag v1.1 or commit e35fa0d --, you'reasking for a single, known set of files, and you always get the same files back.
When Composer has a complete list of available versions from your VCS, it thenfinds the highest version that matches all version constraints in your project(it's possible that other packages require more specific versions of thelibrary than you do, so the version it chooses may not always be the highestavailable version) and it downloads a zip archive of that tag to unpack in thecorrect location in your vendor directory.
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If you want Composer to check out a branch instead of a tag, you need to point it to the branch using the special dev-* prefix (or sometimes suffix; see below). If you're checking out a branch, it's assumed that you want to work on the branch and Composer actually clones the repo into the correct place in your vendor directory. For tags, it copies the right files without actually cloning the repo. (You can modify this behavior with --prefer-source and --prefer-dist, see install options.)
In the above example, if you wanted to check out the my-feature branch, you would specify dev-my-feature as the version constraint in your require clause. This would result in Composer cloning the my-library repository into my vendor directory and checking out the my-feature branch.
When branch names look like versions, we have to clarify for Composer that we're trying to check out a branch and not a tag. In the above example, we have two version branches: v1 and v2. To get Composer to check out one of these branches, you must specify a version constraint that looks like this: v1.x-dev. The .x is an arbitrary string that Composer requires to tell it that we're talking about the v1 branch and not a v1 tag (alternatively, you can name the branch v1.x instead of v1). In the case of a branch with a version-like name (v1, in this case), you append -dev as a suffix, rather than using dev- as a prefix.
Composer recognizes the following stabilities (in order of stability): dev,alpha, beta, RC, and stable where RC stands for release candidate. The stabilityof a version is defined by its suffix e.g version v1.1-BETA has a stability ofbeta and v1.1-RC1 has a stability of RC. If such a suffix is missinge.g. version v1.1 then Composer considers that version stable. In additionto that Composer automatically adds a -dev suffix to all numeric branches andprefixes all other branches imported from a VCS repository with dev-. In bothcases the stability dev gets assigned.
There's one more thing that will affect which files are checked out of a library's VCS and added to your project: Composer allows you to specify stability constraints to limit which tags are considered valid. In the above example, note that the library released a beta and two release candidates for version 1.1 before the final official release. To receive these versions when running composer install or composer update, we have to explicitly tell Composer that we are ok with release candidates and beta releases (and alpha releases, if we want those). This can be done using either a project-wide minimum-stability value in composer.json or using "stability flags" in version constraints. Read more on the schema page.
You can specify the exact version of a package. This will tell Composer toinstall this version and this version only. If other dependencies requirea different version, the solver will ultimately fail and abort any installor update procedures.
Note: Be careful when using unbounded ranges as you might end upunexpectedly installing versions that break backwards compatibility.Consider using the caret operator instead for safety.
Note: If you are using PowerShell on Windows, you have to escapecarets when using them as argument on the CLI for example when using thecomposer require command. You have to use foursubsequent caret operators, e.g. ^^^^1.2.3, to ensure the caret operator getspassed to Composer correctly.
To allow various stabilities without enforcing them at the constraint levelhowever, you may use stability-flags like@ (e.g. @dev) to let Composer know that a given packagecan be installed in a different stability than your default minimum-stabilitysetting. All available stability flags are listed on the minimum-stabilitysection of the schema page.
You can test version constraints using semver.madewithlove.com.Fill in a package name and it will autofill the default version constraintwhich Composer would add to your composer.json file. You can adjust theversion constraint and the tool will highlight all releases that match.
I am trying to install version 1.2.2 of MySQL_python, using a fresh virtualenv created with the --no-site-packages option. The current version shown in PyPi is 1.2.3. Is there a way to install the older version? I have tried:
Thanks to @Peter for highlighting this (and it seems that the context of the question has broadened given the time when the question was first asked!), the documentation for Python discusses a caveat with using -I, in that it can break your installation if it was installed with a different package manager or if if your package is/was a different version.
-I will not uninstall the existing package before proceeding; it will just install it on top of the old one. This means that any files that should be deleted between versions will instead be left in place. This can cause weird behavior if those files share names with other installed modules.
For example, let's say there's a package named package. In one of packages files, they use import datetime. Now, in [email protected], this points to the standard library datetime module, but in [email protected], they added a local datetime.py as a replacement for the standard library version (for whatever reason).
In my case, this manifested with strange syntax errors because the newer version of the package added a file that was only compatible with Python 3, and when I downgraded package versions to support Python 2, I continued importing the Python-3-only module.
Here, if you're using -I option while installing(when you don't know if the package is already installed) (like 'pip install -Iv pyreadline == 2.* 'or something), you would be installing a new separate package with the same existing package having some different version.
3.if the list of the packages contain any package that you wish to install with specific version then the better option is to uninstall the package of this version first, by pip uninstall package-name
I saw a post with concerns that has been arbitrarily closed without any real answers, I was really expecting a little more understanding from the postman team, but it seems the issue is being heavily forced without even providing a real answer to the problem.
We currently have 28+ topics which relate to the sunsetting of Scratch Pad and the announcement of the Lightweight API Client. Closing topics out was done to reduce the amount of duplicates that contain the same information.
So I ask this again is there a way to keep using collections in offline mode without having them synced to the cloud, not getting access to the collection data but using the collection features, creating new collections and managing existing ones without sync
All customer data is stored on the Amazon Relational Database Service and configured securely. Data is stored with at least dual redundancy, with 15-day backups, and is accessible only in the private cloud. We have also instituted per-service access protection and data isolation.
We use cryptographic methods and industry standards to protect customer data in transit between Postman clients, the cloud, and at rest. For example, all communications and data in transit over the internet require the latest version of Transport Layer Security, a cryptographic protocol that provides end-to-end encryption. By default, encryption is also enabled on all our services that contain data at rest.
Also, your sensitive data at rest is encrypted on the server side before storage using AES-256-GCM. The Advanced Encryption Standard with Galois Counter Mode (AES-GCM) provides authenticated encryption, which ensures data confidentiality and integrity.
Other encryption methods include securing customer and company data at the application layer using AES-256-GCM. We encrypt sensitive data, including environment variables, access and refresh tokens, and Amazon Web Services (AWS) secret keys. Postman also encrypts your data using a key management service from AWS. In addition, we have key management capabilities to encrypt sensitive data at the application layer.
We maintain all internal testing and validation data in a production-stack equivalent internal stack populated with fictitious data, meaning Postman does not distribute customer data for internal testing or validation purposes.
My head is hurting, and also my tail from biting myself: in order to get Juliaup, a tool for easily updating Julia, I need to install Julia? And in order to update Juliaup, I need to uninstall and reinstall Julia itself?
The Julia app name is assigned in your PC (you should uninstall previous Julia instances not installed with the Julia(up) app). When you launch the Julia app from Windows Start menu, you get a REPL using the default Julia version you defined in juliaup. Or just get the REPL by typing julia in the powershell.
Thanks for the help. I uninstalled+reinstalled, and that may be the way to go. Unfortunately, due to security policies on my project laptop, I am unable to use Windows Store (I now longer recall how I worked around that last time), so after un-installing Julia, I cannot now reinstall it. 152ee80cbc