As the shortest way to someone's heart is through the stomach, it's no wonder cooking and baking with cannabis is becoming more and more popular. To enjoy its pharmacological effects, THC and CBD must be decarboxylated. Or put another way: no heat, no effects!
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Decarboxylation is a hideous word. It reminds many of us of those terrible chemistry classes at school. But anyone who is interested in cooking and baking with cannabis has to know what decarboxylation is all about.
Let's start at the beginning: Cannabis is made up of hundreds of cannabinoids. The best known, THC and CBD are present in the plant in the form of what are known as carboxylic acids. Therefore, in this form they are also called THC-A and CBD-A ('A' means acid).
When you heat these substances, the acid releases a carbon dioxide molecule in a process known as decarboxylation, or activation. In fact, this is the natural process of decomposition, and the application of heat simply serves to speed it up.
Why do you have to decarboxylate your cannabis? Plain and simple because this is the only way to achieve its pharmacological or curative effects.
This is how it decarboxylates correctly!
The basic rule of thumb is: the higher the temperature, the faster the cannabinoids will be activated. When you smoke a joint, you are decarboxylating the cannabis while smoking it. Even when cannabis is steamed using a vaporizer, it only takes a few seconds to convert THC-A to THC. By the way, the vaporized cannabis left in the vaporizer is fully activated, is generally still very potent, and can be ingested directly.
When cannabis is decarboxylated, it should not be heated for a long time, as this can create inactive decomposition products. Above all, you have to avoid the oxidation of THC in CBN (cannabinol).
In a patent owned by the British company GW Pharmaceuticals, the perfect conditions for decarboxylation are defined: it involves low temperatures and a relatively long heating period. This process ensures that 95% of cannabinoids are converted to their phenolic form without many breakdown products being created. Another benefit: the aromatic terpenes remain intact. Terpenes are responsible for the aroma, taste and last but not least the effect of cannabis.
According to the patent, to decarboxylate in a laboratory you have to follow two steps:
First, heat the cannabis briefly, so that the remaining moisture evaporates.
Then heat the plant material twice for longer periods.
If you are using a marijuana strain that has a very high CBD content, (defined> 90% CBD as a percentage of the total cannabinoid content), then the second phase has to be 30 minutes at 140 ° C.
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Please note that the above instructions are based on ideal conditions created in a laboratory. If reading all of this has dampened your enthusiasm for cooking, I'd like to cushion the blow. You don't have to adjust to exact temperatures and times. Depending on what you are using activated plant material for, there are only good and less good preparation methods.
Suppose you want to make some marijuana tea. If you pour boiling water over the buds and let it sit for 5-10 minutes, then the cannabinoids won't be fully activated. Plant material must be heated to 100 ° C for at least 1 hour. A common practice is to heat the material in a closed glass jar or jar for one hour in a water bath. The result: cannabis with a lot of flavor and strong effects! Make sure to heat the water little by little, as rapid changes in temperature increase the risk of glass breakage.