the white “ideal” is the most attractive by the standards of many white people and by many black Westernized men and women (Buchanan, 1993; Patton, 2006).The belief that the white Westernized body is superior is the result of internalized racism. The increasing presence of women of colour in advertising and in popular culture does nothing to challenge white supremacy when the white westernized body is still idealized. Ashley Mckay, Shannon Moore & Wendee Kubik 3 Thus, growing up in a white supremacist culture means that women of colour have learned they must resemble white women to be “beautiful.”For example, Rice (2010) found that many African-Canadian girls reported experiencing racial harassment in schools due to having “unattractive” hair. As hooks (1992) argue, social equality cannot be achieved through racial integration in a white supremacist culture without changes in the culture‟s attitudes about blackness and black people. 2. Cosmetics Cosmetics are a crucial part of Western beauty pressures since women‟s use of cosmetics sustains a multibillion dollar industry and directly influences women‟s social positions in Western culture. Previous research found that women feel pressure to wear makeup in order to appear healthy, competent and heterosexual at work (Dellinger & Williams, 1997; Klatt, Eimler, & Krämer, 2016; Nash, Fieldman, Hussey, Leveque, & Pineau, 2006). Dellinger & Williams (1997) had a tall lesbian woman in their study that claimed she wears makeup to avoid drawing attention to her sexual orientation and to avoid intimidating men who are threatened by a woman who is taller than they are. Thus, wearing makeup is a way to comply with heterosexual appearance norms for women who do not want to appear threatening in the workplace (Dellinger & Williams, 1997). Research also shows that for many women of colour, wearing makeup plays a significant role in gaining respect in the workplace despite the sexism evident in this workplace appearance standard (Dellinger & Williams, 1997; Jeffreys, 2005). Additionally, many women spoke of wearing makeup to appear younger in the workplace, while other women wore makeup to look older. Depending on a woman‟s age, looking younger or older was directly linked to credibility (Dellinger & Williams, 1997). Thus, Western beauty standards largely shape workplace appearance norms, and therefore constrain women‟s choices about wearing makeup at work. Consistent with the previous racist beauty practices discussed, there is now an industry of face-whitening products designed to aid women of colour in achieving the white beauty “ideal.” Due to Western colonization and sexism, many cultures associate beauty with having light skin (Rice, 2010). A profitable global market in skinwhitening products reinforces the white beauty “ideal.” A recent example is a Dove ad that shows a black woman removing her shirt to reveal a white woman underneath, suggesting that the woman‟s skin tone changed after using Dove‟s lotion (Larbi, 2017). These historically racist ads continue to be prevalent despite widespread outrage and resistance. Due to the idealization of the white beauty “ideal,” many women of colour speak of avoiding sunlight and using light concealers to meet Western beauty standards (Rice, 2010). Thus, skin-whitening products are one of the few options that racialized women have who desire to achieve feminine beauty and social acceptance under white supremacy. 3. Cosmetic Surgery Models presented to us through imagery in advertising and in popular culture have become increasingly thin (Darling-Wolf, 2009). While airbrushing has long been possible, the ability to manipulate images through new imaging technology is more advanced than ever (Darling-Wolf, 2009). As a result, today‟s supermodels have evolved into “ideals” that bear no relation to real women, increasing the number of women who opt for cosmetic surgery (DarlingWolf, 2009). The type of cosmetic surgery that women are rendered in need of often depends on their intersecting identities. The social construction of the female body as in need of cosmetic surgery is particularly problematic when considering the types of female bodies that are rendered “in need of change.” Characteristics that place women on the top of the list in need of cosmetic surgery are “the too-long Jewish noses, too flat African-American ones, “Oriental” eyelids, and, of course, any sign of aging” (Darling-Wolf, 2009, p. 254). As can be seen, any characteristics which pull women away from the white, middle-class “ideal” are in need of change. Deviant bodies are those that are “not white enough, not young enough, not middle-class enough, not thin enough, not abled enough” (Darling-Wolf, 2009, p. 254). Western culture