Hello! First time poster but (relatively) long time reader here. I am working on a kung fu short film and am currently stumped concerning a particular sound effect. Any suggestions would be so, so great. Here is the setup:

There is a man bound with natural fiber rope and partially elevated off the ground over a knife. The rope is fed through a pulley and then secured to the ground. I know in my mind's eye...er...ear in this case, exactly what I'm looking for as far as an exaggerated rope tension "sound," but am having a tough time finding or describing it. Can anyone think of anything connotative? I have spent time on SoundSnap and running through things I could record, but haven't found the ticket yet.


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Wicker! Take a wicker basket and wrench it in opposing directions with each hand. It totally sounds like heavy natural fibers under tension - because it is - but the dryness makes it louder and more dramatic than actual rope. Worked for me, but a cheap experiment to try out regardless!

A foley artist I met a few years back used an old Leather Wallet which they twisted and rubbed their thumbs over. This created a stretching/creaking/squeaky sound. You could use any other tense and strong material, I created a similar sound pushing my thumbs into some tense paper.

You can make some good rope sounds by getting a big handful of long thick succulent grass and twisting it with your hands. Its fairly quiet though so better to do it in a quiet studio with good recording gear.

I have looked around for the notes or chords to play the typical three note (wah wah wah) fail sound effect. I believe it's typically played on a trombone which gives it that great slide effect. In trying to recreate this on a guitar it seems that any dissonent chord would work. For example, I took a D9 (xx0210) and moved it to the 4th fret and simply slid it down in half steps. It sounds close and can be done with nearly any open chord shape. The D chord variation just sounded best to me.Does anyone know if there's an "official" way to play this on the guitar?

When played on a trombone, it's just single pitches, as you can only play one pitch at a time on a trombone (excluding multiphonics). I gliss (slidey-effect) up to Bb, then A, then Ab, then G, with a molto ritardando from just before the Ab to the G, then give some slide vibrato on the G. It's pretty simple; all about feel.

You're own description of the fail sound---"(wah wah wah)"---gives a big hint: use a wah pedal. I'd play around with the tremelo bar too, if you have one. I think, although I haven't actually tried it, that rather than falling off the note after the attack, I'd depress the bar before the attack and release it. But again, play around with it and see what works best.

As you can probably guess, I use Discord as my voice chat of choice for my RPG virtual tabletop sessions. I am happy with the results, and more importantly, my group is happy with the results as well.

The final part of this setup is Discord itself. I use Discord because it is an easy product to understand, has a great support community, and gives me easy access to other Dungeons and Dragons and RPG Virtual Tabletop communities on their servers. I hear lots of great things about other voice chat options such as Team Speak, Mumble, and Overtone, but I am going to stick with Discord. It is a bonus that they have now nicely integrated video chat as well.

My main RPG virtual tabletop is Fantasy Grounds, and I REALLY love it. Unfortunately, Fantasy Grounds does not have a building audio player like Roll20 or Astral. Luckily, there are some great options to work around this, and I believe that the end product is even better. I have had great success in using my above-mentioned setup so far. I am a huge fan of how using music and sound effects can help to pull your players into the moment and the story. But it must be done right. The technology must add to the experience instead of getting in the way. I have never felt that this current setup has ever done that.

EDIT: I now have a video available that explains step-by-step how to get the above setup working on your PC. I have changed my configuration a little since this article. I will update the article as soon as I can. In the meantime, check out How to Add Your Voice, Sound FX and Music to Discord and Zoom.

The tool that I use to easily trigger MP3 sound FX is called Jingle Pallette. Very simple to set up and use. I use this on a computer with a touch screen that makes it even more convenient. You can download it at

To get it into Discord along with your voice is a little trickier. I created a video that explains the way that I do it. You can access it at -to-add-your-voice-sound-fx-and-music-to-discord-and-zoom/

Thanks for the info. I have successfully set up voice meeter in hopes that the sound quality issues would improve on discord. Sadly, it has not. When I play music on my ipad into discord, the sound is robotic, distorted, and cuts in and out. Any thoughts on how to improve this?

Frank, thanks for sharing your thoughts on the topic. Using a bot on Discord is definitely an option if you are only looking to add music or ambiance from the sources you mentioned. The setup that I have detailed is more about having the ability to create customized ambiance and sound effects on demand during your gameplay.

Solutions for the effect of physiological noise in the spinal cord fMRI data series are categorized into three: strategies of image acquisition, preprocessing strategies, and physiological noise modeling in the general linear model (GLM) analysis for the first level data processing (Brooks, 2014). There are two main strategies for the acquisition of spinal cord fMRI data. First, imaging in axial orientation with Gradient Recall Echo-Echo Planar Imaging (GRE-EPI) sequence that has a high in-plane resolution to make difference between white matter and gray matter. GRE-EPI sequence combining double-shot spiral in/out trajectories can reduce physiological noise in spinal cord fMRI by diminishing susceptibility-induced B0 field variations. Second, imaging in sagittal orientation to cover the considerable part of the spinal cord for the mapping based on the segments which remove susceptibility artifact which is necessary to suppress the effect of respiration using Fast Spin-Echo pulse (FSE) sequence and has a high contrast to noise ratio (Cohen-Adad, 2017; Leitch, Figley, & Stroman, 2010). In some previous studies, researchers used cardiac and respiratory gating to suppress the effect of respiration and heartbeat in the image acquisition strategies (Backes, Mess, & Wilmink, 2001; Mainero, Zhang, Kumar, Rosen, & Sorensen, 2007; Stroman & Ryner, 2000; Stroman & Ryner, 2001), but the cardiac and respiration gating alone is suggested not being sufficient in eliminating the noise. Alternative solutions for detecting and mitigating physiological noise are based on recommendations for pre-processing spinal cord fMRI data. These recommendations include combining pre-whitening with high-pass filtering (Eippert, Kong, Jenkinson, Tracey, & Brooks, 2017; Xie et al., 2012) and identifying and scrubbing noise components which are obtained from spatiotemporal decomposing fMRI signal by Independent Component Analysis (ICA)- and principal component analysis (PCA)-based methods (Hu, Jin, Li, Luk, & Wu, 2018; Xie et al., 2012). Furthermore, the main solution for spinal cord fMRI analysis is the methods based on GLM fitting of noise regressors. These methods are generated from the principal components of spinal cord physiological motion-related signal fluctuation, along with functionally-relevant signal changes. These regressors will be given from subject-specific cardiac and respiration recorded data during the imaging session (Brooks, 2014; Figley & Stroman, 2009; Kong et al., 2014). The toolboxes which can be used in fMRI data analysis are summarized in Table 1.

MRI images were acquired in an axial orientation and were sampled in an ascending, interleaved order between the ninth thoracic and the second lumbar vertebras with high-order shimming, optimized over the vertebral canal. We performed fMRI which was optimized to minimize the unwanted artifacts, as well as the susceptibility-induced signal drop-out. High-resolution functional images of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord were acquired with a T2*-weighted GRE-EPI sequence using ZOOMit selective field-of-view imaging EPI (TR = 3000 ms; TE = 30 ms; FA = 80; FOV = 160  160 mm; matrix size = 64  64; slice thickness = 4 mm; in-plane resolution = 2.52.5 mm; spectral attenuated inversion recovery [SPAIR]). Figure 1 shows some GRE-EPI images for the thoracolumbar spinal cord are shown in.

For each Z-score map, sensitivity and specificity were determined by comparing the spatial locations of activated voxels. Sensitivity was estimated as the percentage of active voxels in the physiological corrected data-sets via respiration + cardiac effect modeling that was correctly detected as activated, and specificity was described as the percentage of voxels correctly detected as non-activated.

Plots are the mean ROC curves of the 15th thoracolumbar spinal cord fMRI data-sets in the CSF areas. For respiration noise correction, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) is 0.864, and for the cardiac noise correction it is 0.751, showing the superiority of the respiration noise correction method

Plots are the mean ROC curves of the 15th thoracolumbar spinal cord fMRI data-sets in the spinal cord areas. For respiration noise correction, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) is 0.936, and for the cardiac noise correction, it is 0.856, showing the superiority of the respiration noise correction method.

The other source of noise is the physiological motion of the spinal cord by the respiration effects. The differences between the respiration and heartbeat noises were assessed in this study, and the results showed that the effects of respiration on lumbar and thoracolumbar spinal cord physiological movements, as well as on the CSF flow, are significantly greater than the effects of the heartbeat. The impact of cardiac and respiration effects on spinal cord movements has been illustrated in previous studies as well (Figley et al., 2008; Winklhofer et al., 2014; Yildiz et al., 2017). The effect of respiration is more frequently studied than the heartbeat (Winklhofer et al., 2014; Yildiz et al., 2017), and these effects were reported to be reduced in the lower parts of the vertebral column (Yildiz et al., 2017). 2351a5e196

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