Bref historique - A brief history

Conception and Inception

During ICAL6 (Sixth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics) in Honolulu 1991, the idea of a separate Oceanic conference was mooted by Terry Crowley and Paul Geraghty, and initiated by John Lynch and Paul Geraghty in early 1992.

The origins of the conference series have been outlined in two publications:

As the International Conferences on Austronesian Linguistics got bigger and bigger, a number of specialists in the languages of the Oceanic subgroup felt that a return to a smaller, more informal conference was a good idea – one where discussions of tea and coffee, beer or kava, were just as important as the paper presentations themselves. Paul Geraghty in fact provided the inspiration for the First International Conference on Oceanic Linguistics (FICOL): he wanted a conference which did not have parallel sessions, and which did have tea-breaks (and tea!) – and he also wanted an opportunity to re-sample the delicious French pastries available in Vila.

And so FICOL was conceived.

Lynch & Pat 1996:v, Editors’ Foreword.

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In the wake of ICAL6 there emerged a new conference series more narrowly focused on the Oceanic languages descended from Proto-Oceanic, the International Conferences on Oceanic Linguistics, which bore the acronym COOL. The third author [Lynch] was instrumental in getting this series going, as he recounts here: "It was after the 1991 ICAL that was held in Honolulu that Paul Geraghty mentioned to me that Oceanic linguists seemed to have been getting a bit 'lost' within the wider An community, plus the fact that there had to be parallel sessions because of the large number of papers. So he asked me if I would think about organising a purely Oceanic conference, separate from the ICALs, and the first was held here in Port Vila in 1993, with a small seed grant ($10,000 Fijian, as I recall) from USP. All of the others have been held quite separately from ICALs, though in 2002 in Canberra there was an ICAL immediately followed by a COOL. Generally there have been around fifty or so papers, which meant a week with no parallel sessions and usually either a day or half a day off in the middle for a rest, excursions, sightseeing, etc."(John Lynch, pers. comm.).

Grace, Bender & Lynch 2011:293-4.

Conception et lancement

Lors du sixième Colloque international de linguistique austronésienne (ICAL6) à Honolulu en 1991, l'idée d'un colloque dédié au groupe océanien a été suggérée par Terry Crowley et Paul Geraghty, et initiée par John Lynch et Paul Geraghty début 1992.

Les origines de la série de conférences ont été décrites dans deux publications :

Alors que le Colloque international de linguistique austronésienne prenaient de l'ampleur, un certain nombre de spécialistes des langues du sous-groupe océanien ont estimé qu'un retour à une format plus petit et plus informel était souhaitable - une conférence où les discussions sur le thé et le café, la bière ou le kava, étaient tout aussi importantes que les présentations des communications elles-mêmes. Paul Geraghty été l'inspirateur du premier colloque international de linguistique océanienne (FICOL) : il voulait un colloque qui ne comporte pas de sessions parallèles, mais des pauses thé (et du thé !) - et il voulait aussi avoir l'occasion de goûter à nouveau les délicieuses pâtisseries françaises de Vila.

C'est ainsi que FICOL est né.

Lynch & Pat 1996:v, Avant-propos des directeurs de publication.

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Dans le sillage d'ICAL6, un nouveau cycle de colloques a vu le jour, plus étroitement concentrés sur les langues océaniennes issues du proto-océanien : les colloques internationaux de linguistique océanienne, qui portait l'acronyme COOL. Le troisième auteur [Lynch] a contribué à la création de cette série, comme il le raconte ici : C'est après l'ICAL de 1991, qui s'est tenu à Honolulu, que Paul Geraghty m'a dit que les linguistes océaniens semblaient s'être un peu "perdus" au sein de la communauté élargie des Austronésianistes, sans compter le fait qu'il a fallu organiser des sessions parallèles en raison du grand nombre de communications. Il m'a donc demandé si je pouvais envisager d'organiser un colloque purement océaniste, distincte des ICAL, et le premier s'est tenu ici à Port Vila en 1993, avec une petite subvention de démarrage (10000 dollars fidjiens, si je me souviens bien) de l'USP. Tous les autres ont été organisés séparément des ICAL, bien qu'en 2002, à Canberra, il y ait eu un ICAL immédiatement suivi d'un COOL. En général, il y a eu une cinquantaine de communications, ce qui signifie une semaine sans sessions parallèles et généralement une journée ou une demi-journée de pause au milieu pour se reposer, des excursions, des visites touristiques, etc.

Grace, Bender & Lynch 2011:293-4. 

Character of COOL

The Oceanic Linguistics conferences are unusual in at least three respects, all of which reflect in a sense the Pacific values of inclusion, respect and consensus. First, there are no parallel sessions, meaning that all participants can be present at all presentations. Second, there is always a day or half-day during the week with no presentations, when participants may relax or enjoy themselves sightseeing or undertaking cultural activities. Third, there is no permanent committee, participants at each conference discussing towards the end where the next one will be held, agreeing, and appointing an organiser (or organisers) by consensus.

Les spécificités de COOL

Les colloques de linguistique océanienne sont inhabituels à au moins trois égards, qui reflètent tous en quelque sorte les valeurs du Pacifique que sont l'inclusion, le respect et le consensus. Premièrement, il n'y a pas de sessions parallèles, ce qui signifie que tous les participants peuvent être présents à toutes les présentations. Deuxièmement, il y a toujours une journée ou une demi-journée en semaine sans présentation, pendant laquelle les participants peuvent se détendre ou profiter d'activités touristiques ou culturelles. Troisièmement, il n'y a pas de comité permanent, les participants à chaque conférence discutant vers la fin de l'événement du lieu où se tiendra la prochaine rencontre, se mettant d'accord et désignant un (ou plusieurs) organisateur(s) par consensus.

Conference chronology - Chronologie des colloques

FICOL (First International Conference on Oceanic Linguistics) USP, Port Vila, Vanuatu 4-9/7/1993. 58 participants, 41 presentations. Main organiser: John Lynch. Wednesday free, option of a tour around Efate with Terry Crowley as guide. 26 papers published in Lynch & Pat 1996.

SICOL (Second International Conference on Oceanic Linguistics) USP, Suva, Fiji 3-7/7/1995. Over 50 participants, 51 presentations. At this meeting, Jeff Siegel and Chris Corne also mooted an Association for Pidgins and Creoles in the Pacific. Main organisers: France Mugler, Jan Tent, Paul Geraghty. Wednesday tour options: Suva City/Rewa Delta, Navua River/Village lunch, or Orchard Island/Cultural Centre. Papers published in two volumes: Tent & Mugler 1998, Palmer & Geraghty 2000.

TRICOL (COOL 3) University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand, 15-19 January 1997. Organised by Ray Harlow and Terry Crowley. Held jointly with ‘conference of the newly established Pacific Area Contact Linguistics Association’ (PACLA) organized by Chris Corne. Free day on Friday 17th, tour to Rotorua. 46 presenters of 46 papers – no joint presentations. 

Someone (according to oral tradition, Ross Clark) perceived that the acronym FICOL had already been used, so a new, perhaps more trendy, acronym was introduced: COOL (Conference on Oceanic Linguisitcs).

4-ICOL (COOL 4) Matavai, Niue, 5-9/7/1999. Organised by Wolfgang Sperlich (chair) with Atapana Siakimotu, Steven Roger Fischer and Elizabeth Pascal, and with assistance from Colin Tukuitonga. Keynote speaker Andrew Pawley. Midweek round the island bus trip. 26 published papers (Fischer & Sperlich 2000).

COOL 5 ANU, Canberra, 14-16/1/2002, held immediately after the Austronesian conference ICAL9 at the same venue. Organised by the Linguistics Department, RSPacS, ANU. Plenary by Jean-Claude & Françoise Ozanne-Rivierre. 39 papers. Presentation by Andrew Pawley of festschrift for Byron Bender, edited by Joel Bradshaw and Ken Rehg.

COOL 6 USP, Port Vila, 5-9/7/2004. Organised by John Lynch, Robert Early and Hannah Bogiri. 60 participants, 61 presentations. Wednesday afternoon free. 

COOL 7 Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea, 2-6/7/2007. Organised by Claire Moyse-Faurie and Jacques Vernaudon. 77 participants, 70 presentations. Excursion to the taro fields of St Louis on Wednesday afternoon.

COOL 8 University of Auckland, Department of Applied Language Studies and Linguistics, 4-9/1/2010. 62 presenters, including plenaries from Malcolm Ross (ANU) and Claire Moyse-Faurie (LACITO, CNRS).

COOL 9 University of Newcastle, Australia, 4-8/2/2013. 54 papers by 53 speakers, including plenaries by Maria Polinsky and Michael Dunn. Various excursions on Wednesday afternoon, including visit to zoo.

COOL 10 Organised by Solomon Islands Translation Advisory Group & Solomon Islands National Museum, Honiara, 10-15/7/2017. Held at National Museum Art Gallery, Honiara. 56 participants. Wednesday excursion to War Memorial, Poha caves archaeological site and Ginger Beach. Special sessions on ethnobotany and in memory of Frank Lichtenberk. 56 participants, approx 40 papers, plenaries by Will McClatchey (ethnobotanist) and Alex François. Publication: Boerger & Unger (eds) 2019.

COOL 11 Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea, 7-11/10/2019. Organised by ERALO. 60 presenters, 43 presentations. Special session in memory of Jean-Claude Rivierre. Wednesday afternoon visit to Centre Culturel Tjibaou.

COOL 12 Université de la Polynésie française, Puna'auia, 5-9/9/2022. Organised by Jacques Vernaudon, Mary Walworth and Mirose Paia. 48 presenters, 39 presentations. Excursion to the Puna Reo association and the Fare Natura in Mo'orea.

References - Références

Boerger, Brenda H and Paul Unger (eds). 2019. Selected Proceedings from the Tenth Conference on Oceanic Linguistics (COOL 10). SIL Language and Culture Documentation and Description 45. https://www.sil.org/resources/publications/entry/82335

Fischer, Steven Roger & Wolfgang B Sperlich (eds). 2000. Leo Pasifika: proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Oceanic Linguistics, Niue, 5-9 July 1999. Auckland: Institute of Polynesian Languages and Literatures.

Grace, George, Byron Bender & John Lynch. 2011. The first fifty years of Oceanic Linguistics. Oceanic Linguistics 50,2:285-311.

Lynch, John & Fa'afo Pat (eds). 1996. Oceanic studies: proceedings of the First International Conference on Oceanic Linguistics. Pacific Linguistics C-133. Canberra: Australian National University.

Palmer, Bill & Paul Geraghty (eds). 2000. SICOL. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Oceanic Linguistics, Volume 2, Historical and Descriptive Studies. Pacific Linguistics 505.

Tent, Jan & France Mugler (eds). 1998. SICOL. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Oceanic Linguistics, Volume 1, Language Contact. Pacific Linguistics C-141.

Source : Paul Geraghty

Thanks for help and personal communications: Ross Clark, Claire Moyse-Faurie, Anne Ferrier-Watson, Elizabeth Pascal, Andrew Pawley, Malcolm Ross, Melenaite Taumoefolau