We all have experienced fractures and in most, they heal with little attention and care. But sometimes, a break can be more serious. A compound fracture, also known as an open fracture, is a bone break where the broken ends of the bone pierce the skin, creating an open wound. This adds an extra layer of complexity to the healing process. These fractures need stabilization using implants like Variable Angle Locking Plates and others. Well, this post will highlight what compound fractures are and how they can be managed.
What Are the Causes of Compound Fractures?
Imagine a car accident, a nasty fall, or a high-impact sports collision. The kind of force that can break a bone can also cause it to pierce the skin. This is the most common cause of compound fractures. Other culprits include:
Puncture wounds: Getting stabbed or impaled by a sharp object can cause a compound fracture.
Gunshot wounds: The bullet's impact can shatter bone and create an open wound.
Severe osteoporosis: Weakened bones are more susceptible to breaking and becoming compound fractures even with minor trauma.
What Are the Symptoms of Compound Fractures?
The most obvious sign of a compound fracture is the visible wound at the fracture site. However, other symptoms can help confirm your suspicions:
Intense pain: Broken bones hurt, and compound fractures are no exception. The pain can be throbbing and worsen with movement.
Deformity: The broken bone might appear crooked or bent at an unnatural angle.
Bleeding: Depending on the severity, there might be bleeding from the open wound.
Numbness or tingling: Damage to nerves near the fracture can cause numbness or tingling in the affected area.
Reduced mobility: Putting weight on the injured limb might be impossible or extremely painful.
What to Do if You Suspect a Compound Fracture?
Here's what to do if you suspect you or someone you know has a compound fracture:
Seek immediate medical attention: Don't delay! Call an ambulance and head to the nearest hospital with orthopedic services.
Minimize movement: The less you move the broken bone, the less damage you'll cause.
Control bleeding: If there's bleeding, apply gentle pressure with a clean cloth to slow it down. Don't try to push any protruding bone fragments back in.
Immobilize the area: If possible, splint the injured limb with anything sturdy and readily available, like a magazine or a board, to prevent further movement.
What is the Treatment for Compound Fractures?
Treating compound fractures involves a two-pronged approach:
Addressing the wound: The doctor will first clean and debride the wound to remove any debris and prevent infection. They might also need to administer antibiotics to fight off potential infection.
Fixing the fracture: Once the wound is under control, the doctor will focus on realigning the broken bone. This might involve setting the fracture manually (closed reduction) or surgery (open reduction) to put the bone fragments back in place. Depending on the severity, a cast, splint, or metal plates and screws might be used to hold the bone in place while it heals.
How to Prevent Compound Fractures?
While not all accidents are preventable, here are some tips to reduce your risk of fractures, including compound fractures:
Maintain strong bones: Eat a healthy diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, and engage in weight-bearing exercises.
Prevent falls: Wear proper footwear with good traction, and improve home safety by removing clutter and installing grab bars.
Use protective gear: Wear helmets and pads during sports activities or when riding a bike.
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